PURCOM

• Communication -is a process of exchanging verbal and /or non-verbal information
• PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION:

  1. To inform - This purpose of communication aims to provide knowledge, facts, or updates

  2. To persuade -It aims to convince the audience to adopt a certain viewpoint

  3​. ​To entertain - It focuses on providing enjoyment
• TYPES OF COMMUNICATION: 1. Written Communication - it involves texts or words

  2. Verbal Communication- involves an exchange of information through face-to-face

  3. Non-verbal Communication - It involves facial expression, posture, eye contact, and body movements.

  4. Visuals - involves the use of images, graphs, and etc.
• Intended Communication -refers to planning what and how you communicate
• Unintended Communication - It happens when you unintentionally send non-verbal messages to people you are communicating
• Communication Processes

  • Source
  • Message
  • Encoding
  • Channel
  • Decoding
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Context
  • Barriers
• Source


  The speaker or sender of a message
• Message


  The information or ideas from the source of the speaker
• Encoding


  The process of transferring the message
• Channel


  The means to deliver a message such as f2f conversations, telephone calls, emails, memos, etc.
• Decoding


  The process of interpreting an encoded message
• Receiver


  The recipient of the message. It can also be called the audience.
• Feedback


  The reactions or responses of the receiver to the message from the sender
• Context


  The situation or environment in which communication takes place
• Barriers


  The factors which may affect the communication process
• COMMUNICATION ETHICS :

  1. Uphold Integrity - Be truthful with opinions and be accurate

  2. Respect diversity or perspective and privacy - Show compassion and consideration with the beliefs

  3. Observe freedom of expression effectively - be careful of what and how you say your words

  4. Promote access to communication - Giving others opportunity to express

  5. Be open-minded- Accept that others have different views

  6. Develop your sense of accountability - Acknowledge responsibility
• LANGUAGE REGISTERS:

  1. Formal Register - appropriate for professional

  2. Informal Register- (also called as casual or intimate). It provides instructions

  3. Neutral Register - it is non-emotional and sticks to facts. It is most appropriate for technical writing.
• Globalization - involves the integration, expansion of the cultural, political, economic, and technological domains
• CULTURE - It encompasses the shared beliefs, values, customs, traditions, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a particular group of people
• MULTICULTURAL -Refers to the presence or recognition of multiple cultural groups within a society or organization.
• INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS - It involves understanding and respecting differences in how people communicate, behave, and see the world.
• 6 Stages of Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

  1. Denial

  2. Defense

  3. Minimization

  4. Acceptance

  5. Adaptation

  6. Integration
• Denial


  The individual does not recognize cultural differences
• Defense


  Starts to recognize cultural differences and is intimidated by them
• Minimization


  Although the individual sees cultural differences, he banks more on the universality of ideas than cultural differences
• Acceptance


  Begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values
• Adaptation


  Becomes very open to world views when accepting new perspective
• Integration


  Starts to go beyond his own culture and sees himself and his actions based on multifarious cultural viewpoints
• MULTIMODAL Text - Is a way of communicating meaning through a combination of several modes
• FORMS OF MULTIMODAL TEXT 1. Paper-based - These are printed materials

  2. Digital - Electronic materials/ also known as soft copy ​

  3. Performance - It can be either recorded or live
• Reading - the cognitive process of decoding and interpreting written or printed symbols
• TYPES OF READING 1. Skimming - involves quickly glancing over a text

  2. Scanning - is a more focused form of reading used to locate specific information within a text.

  3. Critical Reader - Critical reading goes beyond analytical reading by questioning and evaluating the text's
• Cultural Awareness


  • Recognize that different cultures may interpret text and images differently
• Avoiding Stereotypes


  • Be cautious of stereotypes or assumptions about particular cultures
• Contextual Understanding


  • Understand the cultural context in which the text or image was created
• Inclusive Language and Imagery


  • Use inclusive language and imagery that respects and represents the diversity of cultures
• Cross-Cultural Communication


  • Communicate effectively across cultures by considering linguistic and cultural differences
• Consultation and Collaboration


  • When in doubt, consult with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds
• Critical Thinking


  • Apply critical thinking skills to analyze text and images in a multicultural context
• GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATING IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT : 1. Avoid asking inappropriate or personal questions.

  2. Avoid stereotyping or generalizing certain groups. Keep an open mind and be flexible.

  3. Avoid using jargons, cliches, highfalutin terms, technical terms, acronyms, and gender-biased language.

  4. Develop intercultural communication skills.

  5. Listen attentively when others are speaking.

  6. Pay attention to your non-verbal communication.

  Respect a person's rights to confidentiality and privacy.

  7. Show considerations

  Speak gently and politely; never shout to be understood.