Ucsp 2

• Conformity


  Obedience of norms, which makes a person acceptable to a particular society, group, or setting. Acceptance of cultural goals and the legitimate/approved ways and means of achieving them.
• Chameleon effect


  A social psychology phenomenon wherein people tend to make themselves blend into the environment
• Why people conform

  • Need for acceptance and approval of others
  • Fear of embarrassment, ridicule, or rejection by group
• Deviance


  Recognized violation of cultural norms (i.e.: crime - violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law). It is socially-constructed, as "what is a deviant choice or action?" is determined by the members of the society.
• Self-control


  A primary means of social control
• Agents of Ideological Social Control

  • Police
  • Family
  • Religious Figure
  • Peer Group
  • Public Opinion
• Direct social control


  Regulates and controls the behavior of the individual directly, which includes the family, neighbourhood, play-groups, and other types of primary social group
• Indirect social control


  Regulates and controls the behavior of the individual indirectly by secondary groups through customs, traditions, rationalized behavior, and public opinion
• Labelling theory


  States how members of society label others, whether they are deviant or not. After a group of people has labelled an individual as a deviant, members of a community or society often treat the individual negatively and with feelings of hate, mistrust, or fear.
• Gossip


  Often practiced in small-scale communities where people know each other personally. By gossiping or talking behind someone's back and spreading rumors about them, society reinforces what norms should be followed and punishes the deviants by shaming them.
• Laws


  Formal codes of conduct that are met with negative sanctions (i.e. punishments) when violated. Only those who exercise authority are recognized by the members of society to practice coercion in the exercise of sanctions. Laws do not always constitute what is right/moral. Legality does not equate to morality.
• Social Stability- for society to function smoothly
• Conformity


  The process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to match more closely those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire
• Conformists


  People who accept society's goals and the socially acceptable or conventional means of attaining them
• Innovation


  Reinventing things or learning how to do things in a new manner
• Innovators


  Continue to seek success but reject socially acceptable means of achieving them
• Ritualism


  The regular observance or practice of rituals, especially when excessive or without regard to its function
• Ritualists


  Individuals who stop trying to achieve society's goals but believe in using society's institutionalized or legitimate means of attaining them
• Retreatism


  A reaction of people towards society, in which one rejects both the cultural goals and the traditional means to achieve success, then find a different way to escape it
• Retreatists


  People who give up both cultural goals and means
• Rebellion


  Seeks to substitute new goals and means for existing goals and means
• Rebels


  Seek to create a greatly modified social structure in which provision would be made for closer correspondence between merit, effort, and reward