LESSON 2: PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY

• Psychoanalysis Therapy - a clinical method for treating psychopathology through patient and psychoanalyst through free flowing conversations 
• Psychoanalysis Therapy - Find out how unconscious mind influence behavior
• Victorian morality - zero tolerance toward sexual promiscuity and breaches of the law
• Victorian morality - austere and non-indulgent 
• Primacy of science - physiological nature for humans as explanation of behavior
• Rousseau’s vision of society - society corrupts the pure individual
• Rousseau’s vision of society - men are limited and corrupted by social arrangements
• Darwin’s vision of human evolution - Theory of natural selection
• How did Psychoanalysis come to be?

  • Hysterical Paralysis 
  • Physical Causation
  • More Holistic Approach
• Hysterical paralysis - Hysteria only occurs in women
• Physical Causation - Hypnosis as a “cure”
• More Holistic Approach - Psychosexual Development
• Psychodynamic - Framework for understanding human behavior and personality development
• Psychoanalysis - Form of therapy based on the psychodynamic principles
• psychoanalysis - Goal is to bring unconscious material into conscious awareness  (insights and resolutions)
• • Factors that affect behavior and personality:
  • Unconscious processes 
  • Early childhood experiences
  • Interpersonal relationships
  •  Structure of the mind
• Important Concepts under Freudian Psychoanalysis:

  1. Early childhood experiences
  2. Unconscious and preconscious motivation
  3. Ego
  4. Defense mechanisms
  5. Ambivalence
• 3 parts of the mind

  • Unconscious
  • Preconscious
  • Conscious
• Unconscious - Part of the mind that holds ideas. Thoughts and memories that we cannot access and bring into our conscious awareness
• Preconscious - Holds ideas, thoughts, and memories that we are not currently thinking of, but if we concentrate, we can bring these to our conscious, or aware part of our mind
• Conscious - Thoughts, feelings, sensations, and perceptions that we are aware of
• id - “if it feels good, do it”
• id - we want our needs to be satisfied
• id - a completely unconscious, pleasure-seeking, amoral part of the personality that exists at birth, containing all of the basic biological drives: hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex, for example.
• Pleasure principle - the desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for the consequences
• • Ego - reality principle: the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences.
• Ego - is mostly conscious and is far more rational, logical, and cunning than the id. 
• As ego develops, so does an awareness of one’s body 
• Superego - Conscience
• Superego - that makes people feel guilt, or moral anxiety, when they do the wrong thing.
• It is not until the conscience develops that children have a sense of right and wrong.
• Psychosexual development - Relationship between society and the individual
• Psychosexual development - Freud believed that humans are born amoral
• Psychosexual development - turned to physiological nature of humans for behavioral explanations
• Psychosexual development - all human behavior are motivate by sex and aggression
• Psychosexual development - creates conflict between biological needs and our social environment
• Oral Stage - Explores the world through mouth
• Oral Stage - Need for comfort is crucial in this stage, if infant receives too much or too little need satisfaction, this is reflected later in personality development
• • Anal Stage - Potty training
• Anal stage - More aware of their private part