HEALTH ASSESSMENT (PREFINALS)

• ARTERIES- These vessels carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
• CAPILLARIES are tiny, thin walled vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues.
• Veins- return oxygen depleted blood from the body back to the heart.

  Unlike arteries, veins have thinner walls and less muscle tissue.
• Venules- These small vessels collect blood from capillaries and transport it to larger veins.
• Lymphatic Vessels: While not Directly part of the vascular system, lymphatic vessels parallel veins and help transport lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body.
• ARTERIAL BRANCHES OF THE

  AORTIC ARCH

  ❑Brachiocephalic trunk. (BT)

  ❑Left common carotid

  artery (LCCA)

  ❑Left subclavian artery (LSA)

  ❑Axillary artery (AT)

  ❑Brachial artery (BA)

  ❑Radial and ulnar arteries (RUA)
• ARTERIAL BRANCHES OF THE

  ABDOMINAL AORTA

  • Celiac trunk

  • Superior mesenteric artery

  • Renal arteries

  • Gonadal arteries

  • Lumbar arteries

  • Inferior mesenteric artery

  • Common iliac arteries
• Internal iliac that supplies urinary bladder, pelvis, external genitalia, and medial side of the thigh.
• External iliac that supplies lower limb. It

  penetrates abdominal wall and becomes

  the femoral artery. The deep femoral artery.

  that supplies the muscles of the thigh

  branches off the femoral artery.
• The femoral artery continues on the back

  side of the femur and becomes the

  popliteal artery, after it pierces through the

  adductor magnus and crosses the popliteal

  fossa. The popliteal artery divides into the

  anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial

  artery
• VEINS DRAINING INTO THE

  SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

  • Radial and ulnar veins (R&U)

  • Cephalic vein (CV)

  • Basilic vein (BV)

  • Median cubital vein (MCV)

  • Subclavian vein (SV)

  • Vertebral vein (VV)

  • Internal jugular vein (IJV)

  • Brachiocephalic veins (BV)

  • Azygos vein (AV)
• VEINS DRAINING INTO THE

  INFERIOR VENA CAVA

  ❑Tibial veins (TV)

  ❑Great saphenous veins (GSV)

  ❑Common iliac vein (CIV)

  ❑Gonadal vein (GV)

  ❑Renal veins (RV)

  ❑Hepatic portal vein (HPV)

  ❑Hepatic veins (HV)
• VEINS DRAINING INTO THE

  INFERIOR VENA CAVA

  ❑Tibial veins (TV)

  ❑Great saphenous veins (GSV)

  ❑Common iliac vein(CIV)

  ❑Gonadal vein (GV)

  ❑Renal veins (RV)

  ❑Hepatic portal vein (HPV)

  ❑Hepatic veins (HV)
• LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTION

  • to drain excess fluid and plasma

  proteins from bodily tissues and return

  them to the venous system

  • major part of the immune system

  defending the body against

  microorganisms

  • to absorb fats (lipids) from the small

  intestine into the bloodstream
• COLLECTING SUBJECTIVE DATA:

  THE NURSING HEALTH HISTORY

  • History of Present Health Concern (H)

  • Personal Health History (P)

  • Family History (F)

  • Lifestyle and Health Practices(L)
• CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body
• The cardiovascular system consists of the heart,

  blood vessels, and about 5 liters of blood that the

  blood vessels transport
• HEART- A muscular pump that forces blood through

  a system of vessels made of arteries, veins

  and capillaries
• MEDIASTINUM is the location of the heart
• FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART

  • Generate Blood Pressure
  • Route Blood
  • Ensure One-way Blood Flow
  • Regulation of Blood Supply
• THE SIZE OF A HEART IS A SIZE OF A FIST
• Hollow, cone-shaped heart has a mass of

  250 to 350 grams—less than a pound
• The base extends vertically from the left

  second and fifth intercostal space and

  horizontally from the right edge of the

  sternum to the left midclavicular line.
• Its apex points inferiorly toward the left hip.
• Mediastinum- The central compartment of the thoracic

  cavity surrounded by loose connective

  tissue, as region that contains a group of

  structures within the thorax.
• Precordium ( prae ~ before; cor ~ heart. ) - The part of the front of the wall that overlays the heart and the epigastrium
• Pericardial cavity is formed by

  the Pericardium.
• Pericardial sac- Surrounds the heart and

  anchors it within the

  mediastinum
• 2 layers of the pericardial sac

  Fibrous pericardium

  Serous pericardium
• fibrous pericardium- layer of connective tissue that provides support and protection for the heart attachments to the diaphragm, the sternum (via the sterno-pericardial ligaments), and the vertebral column. It holds the heart in place.
• Serous Pericardium- Contains the pericardial fluid
• 2 layers of serous pericardium

  • Parietal pericardium - Lines the fibrous pericardium
  • Visceral pericardium (epicardium)- Lines the surface of the heart
• Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
• Myocardium- Cardiac muscles responsible for the contraction of the

  chambers
• Endocardium- Lines the inner surface of the heart which allows blood to move easily through the heart
• Four valves ensure the one-way flow of blood in the heart
• Atrioventricular Valve – valves in between the atria and ventricles

  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Bicuspid (Mitral valve)
• Semilunar Valves - valves of the heart, at the bases of the aorta

  and the pulmonary artery

  • Pulmonic Semilunar Valves
  • Aortic Semilunar Valves
• Chordae Tendinae - Tendinous cords. It is Colloquially known as the

  heart strings
• Tendon resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve in the

  heart.