5- PAMPS

• If pathogen does cross the barrier

  Can replicate either inside or outside the cell
• If pathogen is extracellular


  1. Macrophage or dendritic cell can phagocytose

  2. Piece can be presented to adaptive immune system, antibodies created (guided by chemokines)
• If pathogen is intracellular


  Need to recruit cytotoxic T cell or NK cell
• Pathogen location


  Is important
• PAMP

  • Pathogen associated molecular patterns
  • Signal and location is important-can be internal or external
  • Foreign structures that characterize whole groups of pathogens
  • Not found on host cell (otherwise cells would just be attacking itself)
  • So highly conserved that pathogens cannot evolve out of it
  • Have repeating patterns and multiple pamps
  • Allows threshold effect, not mistaken for anything else
  • Not recognized by T or B cells
  • Need macrophage or other part of innate system to recognize
• PRRS

  • Pattern Recognition receptors
  • Recognize PAMPS kick starts lots of effector mechanisms in innate immunity
  • Recognizes the pattern base in or inside the cell
  • Responds by activating other cell, uses cytokines to activate the cells to tell them to deal with it, chemokines to get them to site of infection
  • TLRs, RLRS, NLRS
• DAMP

  • Danger associates molecular patterns
  • Can also activate innate immune system
  • Surfactant protein, fibronectin
• Adaptive immune system recognizes proteins (these are mostly not proteins)