tourism 2.1

• Globalisation is causing the continued growth of international tourism
• Increasing the ability to travel


  1. People now have the ability to search for and buy tourism-related services from anywhere

  2. This results in greater competition among businesses, which creates a greater incentive to offer value-for-money travel experiences to attract more people

  3. As a result, tourists enjoy more affordable tours, increasing tourists' ability to travel
• Increasing the motivation to travel


  1. People have greater access to new ideas on tourism destinations travel ideas and experiences from all over the world, especially through new online media (e.g. social media and the internet)

  2. Example: London's Kings Cross Station has become popular with tourists due to the international airing of the Harry Potter film series
• Increasing mobility to travel


  As places become more connected via different transport modes, travelling has become more convenient
• Tourist generating and destination regions have become more diverse
• European countries are still the most popular tourist destination
• Developing countries, especially in the Asia Pacific region have become increasingly popular among tourists
• Popular tourist destinations


  • China
  • Thailand
  • Malaysia
• Most tourists come from the world's most developed countries in Europe and North America
• Increasingly, more international tourists are coming from the rapidly developing countries in the Asia Pacific and South America, such as China, India and Brazil
• Increasing popularity of lesser known destinations


  • Not previously popular or easily accessible
• Tourists seek new destinations


  To fulfill their need to discover unique travel experiences
• Globalization has facilitated a greater flow of information about these destinations
• Tourists can easily share their travel experiences online, enticing more people with novel travel experiences in remoter destinations or second cities
• These experiences can also be more easily planned and booked online
• Advancements in transportation


  • New modes of travel
  • Expansion of transportation infrastructure
• These destinations are becoming more accessible
• Remote destinations such as Antarctica

  • Have become increasingly popular as people seek to explore one of the world's last untouched regions
  • The increased availability of cruise services to Antarctica has also made it more convenient to travel there
• Tourists are increasingly visiting second cities

  • To fulfill their need for unique travel experiences in less crowded environments
  • To avoid exceeding carrying capacity in traditional tourist hotspots and enable its environment to recover
  • To enjoy lower travelling costs as compared to those at tourist hotspots
• Visiting second cities are becoming popular, especially among younger travellers, as new online media increases tourists' awareness of these destinations
• Instead of London, tourists are increasingly visiting the city of Manchester, UK


  • To experience its arts and unique architecture
  • Many fans of the world-famous football clubs, Manchester City and Manchester United, also visit the city to view the home stadiums and watch their favorite teams play
• Adventure tourism


  Tourists travel to natural environments to participate in challenging physical activities such as mountain climbing
• Adventure tourists


  • Seek to achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment by taking part in these challenging tourist activities
• Adventure tourism destinations


  Mainly places of natural beauty where tourists can enjoy scenic views and carry out physically challenging activities
• Adventure tourism


  • Trekking on Mount Everest has become increasingly popular among adventure tourists who seek to challenge themselves and achieve their full potential
• Heritage tourism


  Tourists participate in activities to experience culture and learn about its history
• Heritage tourists

  • By experiencing the culture and learning about the history of the place, they are able to fulfill their need for unique travel experiences and understand the rich and diverse global cultures outside of their home country
• Heritage tourism destinations


  Places with rich history and cultures, especially those which have been awarded the UNESCO World Heritage Site status
• Heritage tourism


  • The ancient city of Machu Picchu in Peru attracts more than a million tourists every year. Many are attracted to it to learn more about the unique history and culture at the ancient city and its inhabitants
• Sports tourism


  Tourists either observe or participate in sporting events
• Sports tourists who participate

  • Seek to achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment
• Sports tourists who observe

  • May seek enjoyment and escape the stress of work
• Sports tourism destinations


  Places where sporting events are held. These places are often equipped with sporting facilities to host the events (stadiums, courts and race tracks)
• Sports tourism


  • During the English Premier League, thousands of overseas football fans visit the city of Manchester to watch their favorite football teams play
• Health tourism


  Tourists travel to seek medical care or activities to enhance their physical, mental, and spiritual wellness
• Reasons for health tourism

  • Medical procedures are relatively cheaper than those in their home country, have a shorter waiting time, and may not be available in their home country
• Health tourism


  • Medical procedures may contribute to a greater sense of self-fulfillment as they may improve tourists' well-being and self-esteem
• Health tourism destinations


  Often health tourism occurs in places with renowned medical services or wellness facilities
• Health tourism


  • Bali, Indonesia is famous for its numerous yoga and wellness resorts that are surrounded by scenic views
  • South Korea received more than two million health tourists in 2018 for cosmetic and non-cosmetic procedures. This is due to South Korea's renowned and advanced medical technological services
• Mass market tour operators


  People or companies that supply tour packages to cater to large groups of people. These tour packages often include other tourism services (transport and accommodation)