Lesson 3: Research Method and Procedure

• What are the parts of Chapter 3 in Research?

  • Research Design
  • Locale of the Study
  • Population and Sampling Technique
  • Data Gathering Procedure
  • Research Instrument
  • Statistical Treatment of Data
• Research Design - refers to a scheme or plan of action for meeting the objectives, a blueprint for conducting a study that maximize control over factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings.
• Enumerate the types of Research Design

  • Historical
  • Case Study
  • Grounded Theory
  • Phenomenology
  • Ethnography
• Locale of the Study - is the setting of the study.
• Population - it is where we take our sample. It refers to the totality of subjects.
• Sampling Frame - is the list from which the potential respondents are drawn.
• Sample - a "smaller" specific group from a population used to determine truths about a population.
• Sampling - a process of learning about the population on the basis of sample drawn from it.
• Give the 3 elements in the process of sampling:

  • selecting the sample
  • collecting the information
  • making inference about population
• Purposive Sampling - depends exclusively on the judgement of the investigator, also called as judgement sampling or deliberate sampling.
• Convenience Sampling - the researcher selects those who are readily available at the time of data collection.
• Quota Sampling - sample is selected by certain characteristics and selection depends on personal judgement.
• Data Gathering Procedure - is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring and analyzing accurate insights for research using standard validated techniques.
• Data Gathering Procedure - is the primary and most important step for research.
• Research Instrument - is a tool used to obtain, measure, and analyze data from subjects around the research topic.
• Questionnaire - the most common instrument or tool for research for obtaining the data.
• Closed Form - a type of questionnaire where it has a fixed number of questions and a limited choice of answer.
• Open Form - a type of questionnaire where it consists a number of questions, the answers are in the form of essay.
• Interview - is a sense of oral questionnaire, the respondent gives the information orally and face to face.
• Checklist - a simplest device, consists of a prepared list of items. Absence of item are indicated by inserting the appropriate word or number.
• Observation - perceives data through the senses, it is the most direct way in studying individual behavior.
• Statistical Treatment - is a way of removing researcher bias by interpreting the data statistically rather than subjectively.
• Data Analysis - interpretations are made continuosly throughout the course of study.
• Give the 5 steps in qualitative data analysis:

  • prepare and organize your data
  • review and explore your data
  • develop a data coding system
  • assign codes to the data
  • identify recurring themes
• Content Analysis - to describe and categorize common ideas in qualitative data.
• Thematic Analysis - is to identify and interpret patterns and themes in qualitative data.
• Textual Analysis - is to examine the content, structure, and design of texts.
• Discourse Analysis - is to study communication and how language is used to achieve effects in specific contexts.
• Ethnography - is to analyze cultural practices and beliefs within a particular group or community.
• Phenomenology - is to understand people's experiences or perspectives on certain phenomena.
• Case Study - is to investigate an individual case or event in depth.