Media and Info Lit

• Media


  Channel, means or method of communication
• David Buckingham: 'The media do not offer a transparent window on the world. They provide a channel through which representations and images of the world can be communicated indirectly. The media intervene: they provide us with selective versions of the world, rather than direct access to it.'
• Forms of media


  • Print
  • Broadcast
  • New
• Print media


  Paper publications like newspapers, books, magazines, newsletters, and journals. It also includes brochures, posters, flyers, banners, and billboards. Print media is considered the oldest form of media as it is closely tied to the emergence of the printing press.
• Nationalistic newspapers during the 19th century

  • La Solidaridad, Kalayaan, La Independencia, La Libertad
• Print media with biggest daily circulation in the Philippines


  • Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippine Star
• Broadcast media


  Includes radio and television - media that initially used the airwaves to reach their audiences. Nowadays, radio and television both use direct satellite broadcasting, which helps them reach audiences worldwide.
• New media


  Composed of media that use digital technologies like the Internet to distribute or exhibit content. Under this category are social media blogs, websites, and streaming media. Some examples of new media are Facebook, YouTube, and WordPress.
• Literacy


  The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society.
• Media literacy


  The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media.
• Information literacy


  The skill that allows a person to recognize when information is needed and how he will be able to access, locate, evaluate, and use it effectively.
• Technology literacy


  The ability to access, manage, apply, evaluate, create, and communicate information using modern-day tools.
• Creators of media and information

  • Writers and Journalists
  • Editors
  • Directors
  • Performers
  • Visual artists
• Writers and Journalists


  • They work in publishing houses, news agencies, or advertising firms. Their primary role is to translate relevant and meaningful information into printed materials, such as books, newspapers, and magazines. They generally possess a good command of grammar. Writers and journalists make sure that the readers will obtain important information about the story or article they are writing.
• Editors


  • Writers and journalists work hand in hand with editors to ensure that the manuscript or articles submitted by the former are high in standard and are fit to print. Editors also make sure that the material to be published is free from factual or grammatical errors.
• Directors


  • Also known as filmmakers, directors create movies, shows or programs, and plays that are seen on theaters, television channels, or theaters, respectively. A director sees to it that the message of a show is made clear to the audience.
• Performers


  • The actors who portray the characters in movies, shows, and plays are called performers in general. Directors guide the performers so they can deliver their portrayals effectively. Some performers who are visible on television or movies are considered as celebrities too. A person is considered a celebrity if he is a well-known public figure and is always seen in the news or other television programs. Other performers are the singers and dancers who express their creativity and inner thoughts through their craft, which can either be a song or a dance. These performers also collaborate with directors so that their entire performance will be properly guided and successfully delivered in front of an audience.
• Visual artists


  • Paintings and sculptures are some of the masterpieces that visual artists create. Visual artists express their ideas through their artworks. Some artworks may convey a clear message while others have abstract symbols to express the deeper thoughts of the artist.
• Characteristics of a good media practitioner

  • Truthfulness
  • Fairness and Objectivity
  • Responsibility and Integrity
  • Empathy and Sympathy
  • Hard Working
• Truthfulness


  Media practitioners should convey a message or information that is accurate, factual, and truthful. Erroneous or false information can harm the reputation of others or it may cause them danger.
• Fairness and Objectivity


  The information or message disseminated by media practitioners should be objective and based on grounded evidence. If the information is biased or opinionated, it will deceive the public of the truth. As the public gives their complete trust to media practitioners, it is only fair that the latter only present stories that are real and accurate.
• Responsibility and Integrity


  Media practitioners are expected to show professionalism regardless of the situation they are in. They should not compromise their integrity by showing partiality or partisanship. They should also possess a sense of responsibility and accountability when acquiring information. Media practitioners should not compromise their reputation and credibility just for the sake of popularity or power.
• Empathy and Sympathy


  Being in the media does not give practitioners the right to use their job for personal gains. Media practitioners should be sensitive to the needs of others. They should show their respect to the privacy of others too. For example, a journalist should refrain from writing about the private affairs of celebrities because they have their right to privacy too.
• Hard Working


  The public depends on the information media practitioners deliver that is why they are expected to work hard in sourcing accurate information. They should give their best effort for their work, whether writing an article, making a film, or composing a song. The public regards media practitioners highly, so they must not compromise the public's interest.
• Functions of media


  • Channels of information and knowledge
  • Facilitate informed debates
  • Provide information beyond immediate experience
  • Help society learn about itself and build a sense of community
  • Watchdog of government
  • Facilitate democratic processes
  • Vehicle for cultural expression and cohesion
  • Advocate and social actor
• Media act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens communicate with each other and make informed decisions.
• Media facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors.
• Media provide us with much of what we learn about the world beyond our immediate experience.
• Media are means by which a society learns about itself and builds a sense of community.
• Media function as a watchdog of government in all its forms, promoting transparency in public life and public scrutiny of those with power through exposing corruption, maladministration, and corporate wrong-doing.
• Media are essential facilitators of democratic processes and one of the guarantors of free and fair elections.
• Media are a vehicle for cultural expression and cultural cohesion within and between nations.
• Media function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic values.
• Rubrics for Essay


  • Content: The presence of ideas developed through facts, examples, anecdotes, details, opinions, statistics, reasons, and/or explanations (10 points)
  • Organization: The order developed and sustained within and across paragraphs using transitional devices and including introduction
• Media


  Form a huge part of our identity and culture formation. They create narratives that help us perceive who we are as a nation and as a community by providing a sense of commonality. By exposing us to other cultures, however, media help us realize how we are different from or similar to other communities.
• "Media function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic values.": '-You must keep in mind that any type of media has its own purpose and its own message. In the act of filtering and choosing which type of information to relay, media choose their advocacy. Hence, nothing is entirely objective. However, an important factor of this is the existence of pluralistic values.'
• Rubrics For Essay


  • Content
  • Organization
  • Style
  • Conventions
• Content


  The presence of ideas developed through facts, examples, anecdotes, details, opinions, statistics, reasons, and/or explanations.
• Organization


  The order developed and sustained within and across paragraphs using transitional devices and including introduction and conclusion.
• Style


  The choice, use and arrangement of words and sentence structures that create tone and voice.