Exam III

• Skin shed from entire body?

  Ecdysis
• Retains lower temporal bar on the skull?

  Tuatara
• Longitudinal cloacal opening?

  Crocodilla
• Teeth on top of the jaw?

  Acrodont
• Detects moist odors?

  Jacobson Organ
• Teeth completely enclosed in a deep socket in the mandible?

  Thecodont
• Autotomy?

  Tail shed in response to a threat
• What are some fake examples of snake locomotion?

  Caterpiller

  Inchworm

  Hurdy-Gurdy
• What are examples of snake locomotion?

  Serpentine

  Concertina

  Side Winding
• Featherless areas of the birds body?

  Apteria
• Remiges and rectrices?

  Flight feathers
• Depresses wing?

  Pectoralis major
• Feather Tracts?

  pterylae
• Supports retrices?

  Pygostyle
• Insulation?

  Down
• Efficient respiration?

  Air Sacs
• Therapod to bird evolution?

  Continual size reduction
• Raises wing?

  Supracoracoideus
• Synsacrum?

  Fusion of vertebrae and pelvic components
• A bird's center of gravity is below the wings
• Pnematic bones, loss of teeth, and fusion reduce the weight of a bird's skeleton
• Ratites are flightless because they don't have a keeled sternum
• A keeled sternum is required for flight
• The pressure exerted on the bottom of a wing by slower moving air is lift
• A bird's wing is shaped like an airfoil
• The combination of lift and thrust causes the bird to move forward
• Drag is turbulence along the surface of the wing
• Which of the following legislative actions provided full protection of live and dead birds and their parts?

  Migratory Bird Treaty (1918)
• Market hunting in the late 1800s and early 1900s resulted in, or contributed to, extinction of which of the following species?

  Passenger pigeon

  Carolina Parakeet
• Use the diagram to answer the following questions:

  Incubation temp has no effect on the sex ratio of hatchlings: Graph D

  Higher incubation temps = more males: Graph B

  Lower Incubation temps = less males: Graph A

  Intermediate temps = more males: Graph C

  
• Why was vertebrate life changing in the Permian?

  Amniotes were diversifying

  Aridity was increasing

  70% of terrestrial organisms went extinct
• Rear Fanged = Ophisthoglophous

  Short, permanently erect fangs = Proteroglyphous

  Hollow foldable fangs = Solenoglyphous

  Term for extreme skull flexibility = Cranial kinesis

  Serpentes = Snakes

  Two temporal fenestrations = Diapsid

  Archosaurs = Birds & Crocodilians

  Group of specialized dinosaurs from which birds evolved = Therapoda

  Duvernoy's gland = Found in Colubridae
• What is the probable cause of extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs?

  Asteroid Impact & Volcanism
• List characteristics of the order Squamata?

  Pleurodont dentition

  Transverse cloacal opening

  Fused pelvic bones

  Determinant Growth
• For each characteristic answer Pleurodira or Cryptodira?

  Retracts head by bending in an S shape = Cryptodira

  Retracts head by bending the neck horizontally = Pleurodira

  Found only in the southern hemisphere = Pleurodira

  Soft shelled turtles = Pleurodira

  Specialized articulation surfaces between cervical vertebrae = Cryptodira

  No exclusively terrestrial species = Cryptodira
• List the characteristics found in turtles?

  Anapsid

  Sex determined by incubation temperature

  Carapace & Plastron

  Fused ribs & Vertebrae
• During which epoch did the dinosaurs originate?

  Triassic
• Pleurodont: Teeth are rooted but there is no deep socket of bone completely surrounding the tooth