RP5-Distillation (cyclohexanol)

• Equipment: Pear shaped flask, pipette, mass balance, anti bumping granules, thermometer, liebig condenser, beaker, water bath, cyclohexanol, sodium chloride solution, anhydrous calcium chloride, separating funnel, phosphoric acid.
• Set up: Weigh by difference 20 cm^3 cyclohexanol into a pear shaped flask and then shake with 8cm^3 phosphoric acid. Also add some anti bumping granules. Attach a liebig condenser to the flask with a beaker at the other end and a thermometer inside in order to monitor the temperature. Prepare a water bath (or bunsen burner if no flammable chemicals are present).
• Distillation method: Heat gently up to 100 degrees and collect the distillate in a beaker. Cyclohexane has a lower boiling point than the other products.
• Dehydration method: Pour the distillate into a separating funnel and add 50 cm^3 sodium chloride, shake and separate off the two layers that form. Dispose the lower layer and dry the top layer with anhydrous copper chloride.
• Analysis: The dried top layer is the cyclohexane. Reweigh in order to calculate percentage yield.
• Safety: Apparatus could break if heated as the air inside expands - do not seal; water bath could cause burns - do not touch, run hands under cool water for 20 minutes if burned.