Writer's Methods and Techniques

• Linear narrative structure

  Enables the reader to follow the events in a logical sequence
• Structure of the novella

  • Includes a series of clues and revelations that gradually unfold as the narrative progresses
• Dual plot structure


  • Intertwining two distinct plotlines throughout the narrative
• Plotlines

  • The mysterious Agra treasure
  • A murder mystery
• Three-act structure

  1. Act 1: Establishes the foundation of the plot and introduces the main characters and the central mystery

  2. Act 2: Depicts tension and suspense and introduces many twists and turns which drive the plot forward

  3. Act 3: Brings the central conflict to its resolution where the truth is finally revealed and the loose ends of the mystery are tied up
• The Sign of Four

  • Classic example of the detective genre
  • Embodies several characteristics and elements typical of this genre
• Crime


  The plot revolves around a crime, namely the mysterious disappearance of Captain Arthur Morstan and the subsequent unravelling of a complex web of intrigue and deceit
• Puzzles and clues

  • The mystery of the Agra treasure and the anonymous gifts of pearls to Miss Morstan serve as the central puzzles that drive the narrative
• Suspense and tension

  • The unfolding of the investigation, the pursuit of the culprits and the danger faced by the characters contribute to the building tension
• Logical deduction

  Sherlock Holmes's deductive reasoning is a hallmark of the detective genre and he carefully examines the available evidence, draws logical inferences and uses his intellect to solve the mystery
• Narration in the novella

  • Predominantly written in the first person by Watson
  • Watson's limited perspective adds to the suspense of the narrative
• First person narration

  Adds depth and intimacy to the narrative, allowing the reader to experience the events through Watson's perspective
• Agra treasure

  Serves as a symbol of greed and its corrupting influence
• Watson's narrative voice

  • Characterised by a sense of credibility, rationality and empathy
  • As a competent and rational character, he appears trustworthy and relatable
  • His background as a doctor adds to his credibility and attention to detail, ensuring the reader views the events with a sense of confidence in the accuracy of his narrative
  • Allows for introspection and personal reflection which demonstrates his character development throughout the novella
• Narration in the novella

  1. Watson serves as the primary narrator

  2. On some occasions, other sections are narrated by the other characters
• Treasure's allure

  Drives characters to commit heinous acts and become consumed by their desire for wealth
• River Thames

  • Serves as a physical and metaphorical boundary that the characters must navigate, representing the adventure and danger they encounter
  • Acts as a dividing line between different areas of London and serves as a geographical barrier between wealth and poverty, order and chaos
  • Symbolises transition and transformation as the characters often traverse the river during pivotal moments in the narrative, marking significant shifts in their journeys
• Watson as the primary narrator

  • Highlights Holmes's deductive ability and keen observations