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• Wayang Kulit


  Indonesian shadow puppet theater
• Wayang Kulit


  • Traditional theater form from Indonesia, featuring shadow puppets
  • Often tells stories from Hindu epics like the Ramayana
  • Highly respected and integral to Indonesian culture
• Puppetry


  • Puppets made of buffalo hide, manipulated by a dalang (puppeteer)
  • Puppets come in various sizes and represent characters from Hindu epics
  • Performances can last up to 9-10 hours
• Characters


  • Based on Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana
  • Characters vary in size, shape, and costume, including gods, demons, and humans
• Performers


  • Dalang: Puppeteer and director
  • Niyaga: Musicians playing traditional instruments (gamelan)
  • Pesinden: Female singer accompanied by the gamelan orchestra
• Instruments

  • Gamelan: Traditional Indonesian musical ensemble
  • Saron (bronze keys)
  • Rebab (bowed string instrument)
  • Suling (flute)
• Performance Elements


  1. Puppet movement (Sabetan)

  2. Narration (Janaturan)

  3. Dialogue (Ginem)
• Musical Elements


  • Mood songs (Suluk)
  • Melodies (Gending)
• Storytelling


  • Often tells stories of Hindu epics like the Ramayana
  • Focuses on themes of love, duty, and the struggle between good and evil
• Musical Characteristics


  • Gamelan music sets the mood and enhances the storytelling
  • Combines deep meaning, entertaining storytelling, and philosophical messages
• Ramayana


  • Story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita from Hindu mythology
  • Involves their love, exile, and Sita's abduction by the demon king Ravana
• Kabuki Theater


  Japanese performing arts
• Kabuki emerged in Japan

  Edo period
• Kabuki


  "KA" (songs), "BU" (dance), "KI" (skill) - essence of Kabuki
• Kabuki Theater


  • Costume reflects character roles and contemporary fashion
  • Dance is a fusion of folk and religious dance
  • Makeup plays a crucial role in character portrayal
  • Music is utilized for sound effects and atmosphere, including wooden clappers
• Kabuki Instruments and Music

  • Hyoshigi: Wooden clappers
  • Hayashi: Musical ensemble featuring shamisen players
  • Debayashi: Onstage music performance with shamisen accompaniment
  • Nagauta: Tiered platform performance with shamisen, drums, and flute
  • Joruri: Ensemble accompanying performances on stage
• Contribution of Musical Elements

  • Dance Music sets the rhythm and mood for dance performances
  • Choral Narration provides storytelling and scene description through song
  • Puppet Plays are accompanied by music, enhancing narrative elements
  • Geza: Invisible musicians creating atmospheric effects with drums, gongs, and bells
• Themes and Stories


  • Kabuki explores historical events, moral dilemmas, and romantic relationships
  • Plots often feature love stories, tragedies, or conspiracies
• Types of Kabuki Music

  • Nagauta: Vocal music accompanied by shamisen
  • Narimono: Instrumental ensembles featuring percussion and flute
• Peking Opera


  Chinese theatrical gem
• Peking Opera emerged, gaining popularity in the Qing Dynasty


  Late 18th century
• Peking Opera


  • Intricate narratives, vibrant makeup, stunning costumes, and unique vocal styles
  • Blends music, vocal performance, mime, dance, and acrobatics
• Peking Opera Clown (Chou)


  • Plays supporting roles, emphasizing emotions over rhythmic changes
  • Vocal component crucial for ensemble dynamics
• Peking Opera Musical Instruments

  • Wuchang: Military instrumentation dominated by percussion
  • Wenchang: Civic orchestration featuring various string and wind instruments
• Peking Opera Musical Elements

  • Solo Song (Arias) highlights character portrayal through solo performances
  • Musical Speech: Actors convey dialogue through musical inflections
• Peking Opera Story


  • "The Unicorn Trapping Purse": Tells the tale of a bride's generosity towards a less fortunate counterpart, exploring themes of wealth, generosity, and empathy
• Peking Opera Musical Ensemble

  • Wen chang: Accompanies singing with string instruments like jinghu and yueqin
  • Wu chang: Supports acting, recitation, and acrobatics with drums, gongs, and cymbals