reading and writing

• • Patience ability to wait without becoming annoyed, upset, or angry. It's when you exercise self-control rather than lashing out and complaining.
• Prewriting - brainstorming, outlining, clustering, freewriting
• Writing/drafting - narration, description, definition, cause-effect, problem-solution, comparison-contrast, exposition, classification, exemplification.
• Postwriting - re-reading, proofreading/editing, revision, publishing.
• Paragraph - a group of sentences that deals with one particular idea. A paragraph or a group of paragraphs can form an essay or a story.
• topic sentence - main idea of paragraph
• topic sentence - relates only to the paragraph which is it located
• essay

  • a piece of writing that gives (a combination of paragraphs) the author’s own argument An essay can be formal or informal. It can also come out in the form of position paper, reaction paper, critique, commentary, or an article.
• thesis statement - central idea of an essay around which all other idea revolves
• thesis statement - identifies the point of the essay in its entirely.
• definition 

  • means of explaining a concept or idea by expounding not only its actual meaning but also its characteristics and functions
• classification

  a method of paragraph development in which a writer arranges people, objects, or ideas with shared characteristics into classes or groups
• exemplification or enumeration

  • uses specific, vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information
• comparison or contrast

  two or more ideas are said to be compared if their common points or similarities are emphasized. On the other hand, essential differences are pointed out in contrasting ideas from one another
• cause and effect

  • describing what happens and why it happens. You can do so by explaining reasons and consequences of an idea or event
• problem-solution

  a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions
• persuasion

  a means of convincing people to believe in a particular idea or cause or in encouraging people to take action or make changes
• exposition

  a statement or type of composition intended to give information about (or clarify) an issue, subject, method, or idea
• narration

  a method of paragraph development which recounts an event or a story of some sort. Storytelling is one of the best forms of narrating
• description

  • a method of paragraph development wherein you create vivid pictures or images of a story or instance through the use of words. In writing a descriptive paragraph, you need to make use of sensory details
• ANECDOTE - a brief narrative written from the writer's memory
• FLASHBACK - a quick glance at an event that had already happened
• TIME STRETCH - a single event in a story that the writer focuses writing about
• TIME SUMMARY - Jamming together multiple events or shortening a relatively long period of time.
• DIALOGUE - a word or series of words enclosed in a pair of quotation marks which signal the characters' spoken language
• POST WRITING is the process where the written text is shared with other audiences, such as a peer-editor or the instructor or even with the general public.
• REVISION - general process of going back through the whole draft from start to end and make improvements in your draft. (purpose, tone, content)
• EDITING/PROOFREADING - a more meticulous process of checking and making corrections on your work. (grammar, spelling, punctuations, verb tense, typographical errors, etc.)
• PUBLISHING is the process of production and - dissemination of literature or information the activity of making information available to the general public.
• COMPELLING OPENING 

  Every great story starts with a captivating opening. Begin your story with a hook—a moment of intrigue, conflict, or mystery that grabs the reader's attention and sets the stage for what's to come.
• CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

  Create characters with depth by giving them distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws. Allow them to grow and change throughout the story based on their experiences.
• DIALOGUE & VOICE 

  Craft dialogue that feels natural and reveals character traits. Each character should have a unique voice and speaking style that reflects their personality.
• SHOW; DON'T TELL 

  Use specific details and actions to convey emotions and situations, allowing readers to experience the story alongside the characters. Character descriptions cannot be STOIC.
• Stoicism

  Practicing inner peace and resilience in the face of life's challenges. Giving attention and importance to what's within our control while accepting what we cannot change. Prioritizing where we invest our energy and attention by choosing our battles wisely.
• Mindset

  "The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts."
• Friendships

  "The key is to keep company only with people who uplift you, whose presence calls forth your best."
• People-pleasing

  "When someone is properly grounded in life, they shouldn't have to look outside themselves for approval."
• Overthinking

  "We suffer more often in imagination than in reality."
• Revenge

  "The best revenge is to be unlike him who performed the injury."
• Self-mastery

  "You have power over your mind, not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.