Drug acting on CVS

Cards (41)

  • HEMOSTATICS - Agents that prevents hemorrhage or bleeding
  • Two kinds of Hemostatic - System and Local Hemostatic
  • Vitamin K (Phytomenadione) - required for the synthesis of the functional molecules g-carboxylic acid in each of the following coagulation proteins
  • Coumarin anticoagulants and warfarin interfere with the role of vitamin K
  • Protamine sulfate - is used to antagonize heparin-induced hemorrhages
  • Thromboplastin - Local hemostatic in surgery, as spray or direct application sponge
  • Thrombin - Used for bleeding from parenchymatous tissues, calcellous bone, dental sockets, laryngeal and nasal surgery
  • Fibrin foam- Sponge like material prepared by action of thrombin on human fibrinogen, may be applied directly with pressure
  • Absorbable gelatin sponge - This denaturized gelatin usually is soaked in bovine thrombin and left in bleeding area following closure of operative wounds
  • Oxidized cellulose - Treated surgical gauze or sponge that aids coagulation in reaction between hemoglobin and cellusic acid, upon interaction with blood and tissue fluids, forms gummy matrix for clot formation
  • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine - causes hemostasis by vasoconstriction.
  • Anticoagulant - drugs that prevents blood clot
  • Anticoagulant for laboratory examination - sodium oxalate, sodium citrate, edetate disodium, and heparin sodium
  • Anticoagulants for blood transfusion - sodium citrate solution, acid citrate dextrose solution
  • Heparin sodium- The only anticoagulant drug used parenterally. Endogenous heparin is present in mast cells along with histamine and serotonin.
  • Heparin - prevent and treat venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
  • Vitamin K antagonists - Warfarin and bishydrocoumarin are used as systemic anticogulants in humans.
  • Hematinics - agents that improve the quality of blood by increasing the hemoglobin level and number of RBC
  • Iron salts are chemically incompatible with many chemicals and drugs. Chelation type of interaction occurs between ferrous sulfate and tetracycline and limits the absorption of both compounds.
  • Factors that enhance absorption of iron in the intestine are erythropoietic activity, bodily iron stores, and anemia.
  • Two adverse effects of Iron - Hemosiderosis and Hemachromatosis
  • Hemosiderosis - is a localized process of abnormal iron pigmentation cause by increased hemosiderin in the tissue
  • Hemachromatosis - is a systemic disease of uncertain etiology, is characterized by systemic hemosiderosis accompanied by cirrhosis of the liver
  • Treatment of Iron Toxicosis - Prevent absorption of iron through gastric lavage using sodium bicarbonate
  • Treatment of Iron Toxicity - Systemic antidote Deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal), chelates iron
  • Androgenic-anabolic steroids - Testosterone
  • Testosterone - Increase formation of erytrhopoietin by the kidneys and perhaps direct acceleration of heme synthesis and red cell proliferation
  • Hematinic Vitamins - Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
  • Vitamins - Essential nutrient for nuclear maturation and cell division by converting ribose nucleotide to deoxyribose nucleotides
  • Deficiency of B12 and folic acid produce large short leave macrocytes since the precursor cells (megaloblast) failed to divide.
  • Three Fibrinolytic Agents - streptokinase, fibrinolysin, and urokinase
  • Streptokinase - Vacuum-dried powder containing streptococcal enzyme, use to activate human plasminogen to become plasmin
  • Fibrinolysin - Enzyme preparation derived from a fraction of human plasma
  • Urokinase - excreted in human urine, activates plasminogen and prevents serosal post-operative adhesion
  • Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) - Acetylates COX leading to decrease production of throboxane A2 which is a vasoconstrictor and strong aggretory stimulus
  • Dipyrimadole - Vasodilator with synergistic effect with ASA
  • Arrhythmia - is any deviation from the normal heart rate and rhythm.
  • Class II - β-adrenergic blockers.
  • Class I - Membrane stabilizing drugs
  • Class III - Inhibitors of Norepinephrine.