Psychoanalytical Domain

• Contemporary views on the unconscious posit two views of unconscious: motivated unconscious, and cognitive unconscious
• The cognitive unconscious states that information can get into memories without the awareness of the information (eg. subliminal perception)
• Stage 4 in Erikson's stages of development is Industry vs. Inferiority, where children begin to develop a sense of competence or failure. Children in this stage begin to compare themselves to others
• Stage three of Erikson's theory is Initiative vs. Guilt. Children at this stage will start to imitate adults through play and school. If development is good in this stage then they will become ambitious and goal seeking, if not then they will resign to failure and not pursue goals
• Karen Horney offered a feminist interpretation of Freud's ideas. She believed that penis envy is really the ability of men to be able to influence and have social power. Girls become aware of this ability and the fact that they are denied social power because of their gender
• Object Relations Theory emphasizes social relationships and its origins in childhood, as well as the development of meaningful relationships.
• One version of object relations theory assumes that internal wishes and urges are not as important as the development of relationships with others, especially parents
• another version of object relations theory assumes that others, especially the mother, become internalized in the form of mental objects. In this theory, the child creates a mental representation of the mother.
• Deliberation-without-attention refers to the "sudden" decision that people are able to come to once they put a difficult decision out of their consciousness, and the unconscious will continue to work on the problem