Biology 2.8

Cards (72)

  • Microorganisms consist of bacteria, fungI. viruses and protist
  • Some microorganisms are harmledd and perform vital functions such as E.coil
  • What are pathogens
    A disease causing microbe
    (viruses such as the flu)
  • Structure of bacteria
    Photo
  • Structure of viruses
    Photo
  • What is a non pathogenic microorganims
    Any microorganism That does not cause disease
  • Diseases cause by pathogenic bacteria 

    Viruses and fungi e.g chicken box
  • how are comunicable diseases spread
    Aerosol
    water
    contaminated food
    bodily fluid
    insects
  • How is aids caused
    human immune deficiency viruse
  • how is aids spread
    Blood to blood contact
    sexual intercouse and sharing needles
  • Symptoms of aids
    Weakens the immune system
  • How can the spread of aids be prevented 

    No sharing needles
    wear condoms during sex
  • How does the disease work in aids
    HIV destroys lymphocytes
  • What is the name of the pathogen that causes chlamydia
    Bacterium chlamydia trachomatis
  • How is chlamydia caused
    A sexually transmitted disease
  • symptoms of Chlamydia
    Pain when urating
    painful discharge
    bleeding between periods
  • How can chlamydia be prevented
    Wear condoms during sex
  • What if chlamydia is left untreated
    infaction can pass to a baby during birth causing conjunctivitis and hung infections
  • how to treat chlamydia
    Antibiotics such as tetracycline or erythromycin as it is a bacteria
  • What is the name of the pathogen that causes malaria
    Plasmodium falciparum
  • What is malaria cause by
    Single celled protist
  • How is malaria transferred
    Female mosquitoes of the genes anopheles
  • Symptoms of malaria
    Fever
    vomiting
    diorehia
    headaches
  • How malaria effects you
    Causes fever as plasmodium destroys the red blood cells
  • Treatment and prevention of malaria
    Antimalarial frugs
    vaccine
    pesticides
    mosquito nets and repellent
  • the skin is a natural barrier that prevents the entry of microorganisms into the body
  • What is skin flora
    The natural community of micro organisms that live on the skin would prevent pathogens from establishing
  • Is this barrier is broke down out blood is the next defence
  • What doe platelets do
    Cause blood clots over the ‘cut’ forming a scab (seal)
  • what do phagocytes do
    Engulf/ingest pathogens to destroy them
  • What do white blood cells do
    Protect you in 3 ways
    ingests bacteria
    make antibodies
    make antitoxins
  • What do lymphocytes do
    Produce antibodies which bind the pathogens and destroy them and antitoxins which bind to toxins and neutralises them
  • What are antigens
    The protein on the outside of a pathogen that causes your immune system to respond
  • what are antibodies
    White blood cells make this chemical in response to pathogen it is used to destroy pathogens (Y)
  • What are antitoxins
    These work by neutralizing the toxins made by pathogens which make you ill
  • Lymphocytes in an immune response
    Antigens are proteins on the surface of cells and viruses. the antigens are different for different organisms and out white blood cells can detect antigens foreign to our body
  • the lymphocyte divides to produces lots of clones of the lymphocyte called plasma cells
  • The plasma cells produce antibodies in large numbers. The antibodies join only the antigens on the pathogen and destroys them
  • Some memory cells are also produced when the lymphocyt dived of the same pathogen infects The body again the memory cells respond immediately and divide rapidly to produce lots of plasma cells which make a larger amount of antibodies and much quicker usually preventing illnesses
  • First time your body encounters a disease
    Longer time to respond
    less antibodies produced