ENGLISH MID

• CONJUNCTION

  Is the part of speech used to join or link words,

  phrases, or clauses to each other.
• Conjunctions

  help to provide coherence to your writing by

  connecting elements between or within sentences

  and from one paragraph to the next in order to

  most effectively communicate your ideas to the

  readers.
• TYPES OF CONJUNCTION

  COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

  CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

  SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• Coordinating conjunctions or coordinators (for, and,

  nor, but, or, yet, so) connect ideas or equal

  structure or function
• FANBOYS is find in coordinating conjuctions
• Correlative conjunctions com in pairs and functions

  like coordinating conjunctions to connect equal

  elements. The most common correlative

  conjunctions are either...or, neither...nor, not

  only...but also, whether...or, both...and
• Subordinating conjunctions or subordinators such

  as if, when, where, because, although, since,

  whether, and while introduce a subordinate or

  dependent clause that is usually attached to an

  independent clause and signal the relationship

  between the clauses
• Independent clause are clause that can stand

  alone
• Dependent clause depends on the independent

  clause
• As a general rule, if a subordinating or dependent

  clause precedes the independent clause, use a

  comma to separate the two clauses
• There is usually no need for a comma when the

  dependent clause follows the independent clause
• READING

  • It is a cognitive (has something to do with our

  mind/brain) process that involves decoding symbols

  to arrive with the correct meaning
• READING- It is a process of meaning construction while

  transacting with the text through interaction of

  reader, text and context that involves word

  recognition, comprehension, fluency, and

  motivation
• Denotation → literal (dictionary)
• Connotation → implied
• Pre reading

  • Activate background knowledge
  • Preview the text
  • Develop purpose for reading
• During Reading

  • Making predictions
• After Reading

  • Retell, discuss or compare the text to anothe text
• Background knowledge = schema = stock

  knowledge
• Preview the text

  • Assumptions, gist, expectations
• COMPREHENSION

  • It is intentional, active, and interactive process that

  occurs in every stage of reading
• SKIMMING

  • Speedy reading for general meaning
• SCANNING

  • Speedy reading for spotting a particular word or

  phrases
• ANNOTATION

  • Writing questions on the side, encircling or

  underlining statements, highlighting
• OUTLINE THE TEXT

  • Thesis statement = main point of the text; controls

  the text; introductory part (last sentence)

  • Restatement of the thesis (conclusion;)
• SUMMARIZE THE TEXT

  • Write the gist in your own words
• EVALUATE THE TEXT

  • Most challenging part
• Evaluate the text

  • Question the author’s purpose or intentions and claims
  • Check if the arguments are supported by evidence
  • Check if the piece of evidence are valid and

  from credible sources
• Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns or

  other pronouns
• Antecedent of a pronoun is the words to which the

  pronouns refer to
• The rules of pronoun and its antecedent agree in gender

  and number
• The pronoun is masculine (he, his, him) when the

  antecedent is masculine, and feminine (she, her,

  hers) when the antecedent is feminine, and neutral

  (it, its) when the antecedent has no gender

  association
• A plural pronoun should be used with a compound

  antecedent joined by “and”
• A singular pronoun is used to refer to two or more

  singular antecedents joined by or or nor. A plural

  pronoun is used with two or more plural

  antecedents joined by or or nor.
• When a singular antecedent and a plural

  antecedent are joined by "or” or “nor”, use a

  pronoun that agrees with the nearer antecedent
• Use a singular pronoun when a collective noun

  refers to a group as a single unit. Use a plural

  pronoun when the collective noun refers to a

  group’s members as individuals
• Collective noun are nouns that pertain to a group of

  people or things that acts as one.
• Use singular pronouns to refer to indefinite

  pronouns (words like everybody, none, nobody,

  someone) used as antecedents.
• Use the relative pronouns who, which, and that

  with the appropriate antecedent
• Who refers to people and animals that have names