3 Marker Question

• Describe the exchange of materials between blood plasma in capillaries and body cells.(3 marks)

  1 Pressure filtration occurs

  2 The plasma becomes tissue fluid

  3 Glucose is supplied to cells

  4 Tissue fluid moves back into the blood
• Describe how the glucose tolerance test is carried out and how the results can indicate if an individual has diabetes(3 marks)


  1 the individual fasts

  2 then drinks a glucose solution

  3 Blood glucose concentrations are then measured

  4 a diabetic blood glucose concentration level is higher
• Describe three methods that help transfer information from short-term to long-term memory during learning(3 Marks)


  Rehearse/repeat the information (a few times).

  add more detail to the information.

  Organise the information into categories.
• In humans, describe how the autonomic nervous system increases the heart rate.(3 marks)

  The medulla controls The ANS

  SAN sends impulses through the heart across the atria to the AVN

  nervous system releases noradrenaline
• Describe two chromosome structure mutations and the overall consequence of these to the individual(3 Marks)

  Deletion loss of a part of the chromosome

  Duplication is the repeat of a part of a chromosome

  These mutations can be lethal
• What are the steps that occur during the inflammatory response

  Histamine is released by mast cells

  Vasodilation occurs and capillary permeability increases

  Blood low increases

  Phagocytes accumulate at the site of infection
• SAN response


  In response to stress or excitement, the SAN sends impulses through the heart, specifically targeting the atria (the upper chambers of the heart)
• Noradrenaline release

  The SAN releases a neurotransmitter called noradrenaline, which binds to receptors in the heart and increases the heart rate
• Choose a sporting activity and decide whether slow twitch or fast twitch muscle fibers would be best suited for the activity.Give reasons to justify your choice of muscle fibre.

  >Slow Twitch

  >Any Endurance sport

  >They contract slowly

  > Have a large blood supply

  >have many mitochondria

  >rely on aerobic respiration
• >Slow Twitch

  >Any Endurance sport

  >They contract slowly

  >Have a large blood supply

  >Have many mitochondria

  >rely on aerobic respiration

  >Fast Twitch

  >Any sport requiring bursts of energy
• Choose a sporting activity and decide whether slow twitch or fast twitch muscle fibres would be best suited for the activity.

  Give reasons to justify your choice of muscle fibre.

  >Slow Twitch

  >Any Endurance sport

  >They contract slowly

  >Have a large blood supply

  >Have many mitochondria

  >rely on aerobic respiration

  >Fast Twitch

  >Any sport requiring bursts of energy

  >They contract quickly

  >Have a low blood suply

  >Have a few mitochondria

  >Rely on glycolysis