NETWORK TECH MIDTERM

• STANDARDS


  are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)


  probably best known for the standardization of LAN technologies
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)


  This organization is known for published standards
• Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)


  This organization writes ANSI standards and legislation favorable to the growth of computer and electronic industries.
• Telecommunications Industry Association TIA


  focuses on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment.
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)


  is an organization that is responsible for the overall development of the Internet and the standardization of internetworking technologies
• Organization for Standardization (ISO


  is an international standards organization responsible for a wide range of standards, including many that are relevant to networking.
• application layer


  provides interfaces for application software so that applications can use network services. The application layer protocol designates transport layer protocols and ports.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that specifies a reliable and efficient transfer of electronic mail service on the Internet.
• Post Office Protocol, version 3 (POP3)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that is designed to allow a workstation to retrieve mail that the server is holding for it.
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)


  is a small and simple alternative to FTP that uses UDP to transfer files between systems.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that enables the sharing of computer programs and/or data between hosts over a TCP/IP network.
• Network File System (NFS)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that enables computers to mount drives on remote hosts and operate them as if they were local drives.
• Domain Name System (DNS


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that is used on the Internet for translating names of domains and their publicly advertised network nodes into IP addresses.
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that monitors and controls the exchange of management information between networks and network components
• Terminal Emulation Protocol Network (Telnet)


  refers to a TCP/IP protocol that uses the TCP as the transport protocol to establish a connection between server and client.
• Remote login application (rlogin)


  is a UNIX command that allows authorized users to log in to other UNIX machines (hosts) on a network and to interact as if the user were physically at the host computer.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)


  refers to an application-level protocol service and an Internet standard developed by the IETF that supports the exchange of information on the World Wide Web, as well as on internal networks.
• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer)


  is a secure message-oriented communications protocol designed for use in conjunction with HTTP.
• Transport Control Protocol (TCP)


  refers to a connection-oriented TCP/IP standard transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery, duplicate data suppression, congestion control, and flow control on which many application protocols depend.
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)


  refers to a connectionless TCP/IP standard transport layer protocol that provides unreliable, best-effort service.
• Source Port


  identifies the application that sends the segment
• Destination Port


  identifies the application that receives the segment
• Sequence Number


  refers to every byte of data sent over a TCP connection. The value of this field is equal to the sequence number of the first byte in a sent segment. This field is 32 bits long
• Acknowledgment Number


  Indicates the sequence number of the next segment's first byte that the receiver is expecting to receive
• Header Length


  indicates the length of the TCP header
• Reserved


  this field is always set to 0 as it is intended for future protocol changes
• Control Bits


  include FIN, ACK, and SYN flags which indicate the TCP data segments in different states.
• Window


  is used for TCP flow control
• Checksum


  is a mandatory field in which it is calculated and stored by the sender and verified by the receiver.
• Three-way handshake


  is a method, in which the sender and the receiver inform their respective operating systems that a connection will be initiated before the actual data

  communication begins
• Sequence Number and Acknowledgment Number


  fields to implement reliable and ordered data transmission.
• Window Sliding Mechanism.


  requires the sender to receive an acknowledgment from the receiver after transmitting a certain amount of data.
• TCP Shutdown (Four- Way Handshake)


  is engaged when the data transmission is complete in order to disconnect the TCP connection and release system resources.
• MAC (Media Access Control) address


  refers to the unique physical address of all computers, which are assigned by the manufacturer of the network interface card.
• Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI)


  This is the first 24 bits of the MAC address that is vendor-specific
• Vendor-Assigned


  This is the remaining 24 bits of the MAC address that is incrementally and uniquely assigned by the specific vendor of the hardware-denotes the serial number of the individual device.
• IP address


  refers to an address that is usually assigned by the network administrator or internet service provider in order to uniquely and universally identify each device on an IP network.
• public IP address


  is what computers use to find each other online and exchange information.
• Static public IP address


  It is a fixed IP address and is used primarily for hosting web pages or services on the Internet.