Psychodynamic theories

• Psychoanalysis was orginally founded by Sigmund Freud in the late 1800s
• According to Freud our early childhood experiences determine our future behaviour and personality
• According to freud, the human personality contains three elements?

  Id,superego,ego
• The Id is the part of the mind that has powerful,selfish,needs and drives. The blind desire to satisfy it's urges at any cost. Acting on these urges whenever felt would lead to large amounts of criminal behaviour.
• The Supergo is or conscience or moral rules, which we learn from our parents during early socialisation
• The ego is the struggle between Id and super ego which tries to strike a balance between conflicting demands. The ego is driven by the 'reality principle' like our actions having consequences
• A weakly developed superego means the individual will feel less guilt about antisocial actions and will act on urges
• A harsh superego will lead to a person creating deep seated guilt feelings who then craves punishment
• A deviant superego is one where the child is successfully socialised but into a deviant moral code. This will lead to them internalising the father's criminal values and likely copying them and feeling no guilt
• Bowlby argues that there is a link between maternal deprivation and deviant or antisocial behaviour
• In Bowlby's view a child needs a close continious relationship with a primary carer to develop normally
• Evidence for Bowlby's theory- 44 juvenile thieves, 39% of them had suffered maternal deprivation before the age of 5
• Eyesenck developed the theory that crime was linked too a specific personality type
• Extraverted- outgoing sociable and short tempered
• introverted- thoughtful,serious and self controlled