Bio lesson 7 mod 2

• If several replicates have been done during the investigation, it is usual to calculate the mean (average) for each set of results. This is done by: adding up all the readings, then • dividing the total by the number of readings
• mean of, 23, 19, 23, 21, 20, 21, 20 = 21 (add everything, devide by total amount of nr. so 147/7=21)
• Any clear anoalous results = ignore
• Anomalous results = outliers, far out of data (f.ks 23, 19, 23, 46, 20, 21, 20) 46=outlier
• Quote mean to one more decimal place from original nr
• 23, 19, 23, 20, 20, 21, 20 mean= 20.857142, correct decimal place is= 20.9
• mean = “arithmetic mean”.
• Percentage chang in the mass of baby = percentage chang = change in mass over starting mass x 100
• Bar chart = only one of your variables is continuous
• line graph = both variables are continuous
• Ph has no units
• Independent variable along the bottom of the graph is called = x-axis
• Dependent variable at the side of the graph is called = y-axis
• Continuous variable plotted on side (y-axis)
• Other variable along bottom (x-axis)
• Once a line graph has been drawn, it will tell you the relationship between the two quantities you have plotted on the x-axis and the y-axis.
• STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR GRAPHS) Constant rate (passes through 0)

  
• STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR GRAPHS) Constant rate (does not pass through 0)

  
• STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR GRAPHS) Decreases at a constant rate

  
• STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR GRAPHS)Y not dependent on the value of x (2 variables not relatede)

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Y gets bigger quicker

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Y gets smaller slower

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Y gets smaller slower

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Y gets slower quicker

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Maximum (the highest point) Like a tree and its leave (get leaves, max amount, then they fall)

  
• CURVED (NON-LINEAR GRAPHS) Minimum

  
• Having found the relationship between the quantities you are investigating, you can reach a conclusion to your investigation.
• Conclusion should relate to your starting prediction
• conclusion will be: either starting prediction was correct, or incorrect, or was correct only over a certain range of temperatures, or investigation was inconclusive and you cannot decide
• evaluation should address = Difficulties, problems encountered with time taken to do experiment and whilst doing investigation affecting result accuracy, limitation(equiptment or apparatus), comparison with other investigators, any suggestions for additional work
• Mean = Σx / n (sum of data equals smt, smt / nr of data)
• Percentage change = (new value - old value) / old value x 100 (keep in %)
• Bar chart = A chart that shows the frequency of values in a data set.
• Anomalous result = result that is not expected from the normal distribution, but is observed, result very far out of range of data (outliers)
• Line graph = A graph that shows the relationship between two variables, such as height and weight, over time.
• Directly proportional = when the rate of change of one variable is directly proportional to the rate of change of the other variable. Constant straight line graph
• Evaluation = the process of assessing the what happened (look at difficulties/problems, limitations, problems with time, compare results to other investigations, suggestions for additional work.)
• Joule = the unit of energy, it is the work done when one kg of object moves one metre
• Calorimeter = a device used to measure the heat energy released by a chemical reaction....
• Conclusion = the conclusion is the final part of the experiment that summarises the results.