Lecture 10

• Identity and Ethnicity


  Ethnic identity not key for caucasians. Ethnic minorities are central for identity formation
• Cross's Racial Identity Development Model

  Pre-encounter; aware of differences. Encounter; experience discrimination. Immersion; strongly identify with values of their own ethnic group. Internalization; new recognitions emerge
• Phinney's Stage Model

  1. Unexamined ethnic identity, 2. ethnic identity research, 3. achieved ethnic identity
• Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteeme

  Those who explored their ethnic identity and then made a commitment had higher levels of self-esteem
• Discrimination and Minority Group

  experiences of discrimination linked to self-concept and self-esteem, leads to lower self-concept in minority groups
• Rejection-Identification Model


  Perceived/experiences of discrimination may lead to increased in-group identification. Maintains wellbeing