Women and Men Health

• What are the four drugs for Women Health?

  1. Estrogen

  2. Progestins

  3. Combination Oral Contraceptives (Estrogen and Progestins)

  4. Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives
• What is the common side and adverse effect of Estrogen?

  Nausea
• What are the other side and adverse effects of Estrogen?

  - Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

  - Breast cancer

  - Ovarian cancer
• What is the nursing implication of Estrogen?

  - Estrogen is the STRONGEST hormone

  - Lowest during follicular phase
• What is the mechanism of action of Progestins?

  Prepares uterus for implantation
• What are the side and adverse effects of Progestins?

  - Depression

  - Breast tenderness
• What produces Progestins?


  Produced by ovaries and placenta
• What is the mechanism of action of Combination Oral Contraceptives (Estrogen and Progestin)?


  Inhibits ovulation
• What are the side and adverse effects of Combination Oral Contraceptives?

  - Thromboembolic disorders (clotting)

  - Hypertension

  - Glucose intolerance
• What is the side and adverse effect of Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives?

  Breakthrough bleeding
• What medication is known as "Minipills"?

  Progestin-only oral contraceptives
• What is the nursing implication of Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives?

  - Contain no estrogen

  - More menstrual irregularities
• How does no estrogen affect Progestin-only oral contraceptives?

  Less effective but safer because it causes no clots
• Describe and state how estrogens and progestins affect the menstrual cycle.

  - Hormones with multiple actions

  - Promote female maturation

  - Help regulate the ongoing activity of female reproductive organs

  - Estrogen suppresses bone mineral resorption and has a positive effect on bone mass.

  
• What is the principle endogenous estrogen?

  Estradiol
• What is the principal progestational hormone?

  Progesterone
• What are the drugs used for Male Health?

  - PDE5 Inhibitors

  - Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists
• What type of administration are PDE5 Inhibitors?

  Oral drugs
• What are the prototype drugs of PDE5 Inhibitors


  "Im going toFILyou up"- Sildenafil (Viagra)

  - Vardenafil (Levitra)

  - Tadalafil (Cialis)
• What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil?

  - Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor 1

  - Relaxes arterial and trabecular smooth muscle in the penis
• What is the common side and adverse effect of Sildenafil?

  Headache
• What are the other side and adverse effects of Sildenafil?

  Hypotension - tell the patient to get up slowly

  Pripasim (sustained erection)
• What is the nursing implication of Sildenafil?

  - Well tolerated

  - High-fat meals slow absorption, eat a good meal!
• What should you not take with Sildenafil?

  Alpha-adrenergic blockers and nitrates

  - Dont take Nitroglycerin in 24 hours
• Who should not take Sildenafil?

  - Women and men who dont have ED
• What should not be taken with Vardenafil?

  Dont take Nitroglycerine (nitrates) in 24 hours
• What is the mechanism of action of Tadalafil?

  - PDE5 inhibitor II

  - Relaxes the penile arterial and trabecular smooth muscle
• What is the duration of Tadalafil?

  Effects last up to 36 hours (the longest of the three PDE5 inhibitors)LONG HALF-LIFE 17.5
• What should you not take with Tadalafil?

  Dont take nitroglycerin in 48 hours
• What is now approved when taking Tadalafil?

  Daily dosing
• What are the prototype drugs of Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists?

  "Its aSIN, if you are anALPHA"- Terazosin (Hytrin)

  - Doxazosin (Cardura)

  - Tamsulosin (Flomax)

  - Alfuzosin(Uroxatral)
• What is the mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

  Blockage of alpha 1 receptors relaxes smooth muscle in the bladder neck (trigone and sphincter)
• What is the side and adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

  Hypotension
• What is the cause of the hypotension from alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

  Blocking Alpha 1, drops blood pressure
• What is the prototype of androgen hormones?

  Testosterone
• What effects does testosterone have on sex characteristics in females?

  Masculinization
• What are the anabolic effects of testosterone on skeletal muscle?

  Increased muscle mass
• What erythropoietic effect does testosterone have?

  Stimulation of erythropoietin synthesis
• Do men or women typically have greater hematocrit levels?

  Men
• Which type of drugs can affect male sexual functioning by lowering blood pressure?

  Antihypertensives