6. Respiration

• What is the respiration equation? (GO ECW)

  Glucose + Oxygen > Energy + Carbon dioxide +Water !
• The high energy molecule produced during respiration is called ATP.
• A large amount of energy is stored In the bonds holding ATP together.
• ADP is made from 2 molecules.
• Breaking down ATP into ADP and Pi releases energy.
• Synthesising ATP and Pi into ATP requires energy.
• There are two forms of respiration

  -Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen is required)

  -Anaerobic Respiration (Oxygen is NOT required)
• Aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen, takes place in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration produces many ATP.
• Anaerobic Respiration, which does NOT require oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm. Anaerobic respiration produces 2 molecules of ATP.
• The first stage of respiration (in both forms) is called glycolysis.
• Stage 1: Glycolysis (Takes part in the cytoplasm)

  Glucose > Pyruvate

  This creates 2 molecules of ATP.
• Stage 2: Aerobic Respiration (Takes place in the mitochondria)

  Pyruvate > Carbon dioxide + Water

  Produces 36 molecules of ATP.
• If oxygen is not available, a form of respiration known as fermentation takes place.
• Fermentation in animals: (GPL)

  Glycolysis > Pyruvate > Lactic Acid

  Produces 2 molecules of ATP
• Fermentation in plants and yeast:

  Glucose > Pyruvate > Ethan + Carbon Dioxide

  Produces 2 molecules of ATP
• The energy transferred by ATP can be used for cellular activities such as, muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses.
• Respiration begins in the cytoplasm. The process of fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm whereas aerobic respiration is completed in the mitochondria.