Science B

• Eukaryotic cell


  A cell type where the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus

  
• Animal cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane and mitochondria but no chloroplasts or cell wall

  
• Plant cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall

  
• Prokaryotic cell

  A cell type where the genetic material is free within the cytoplasm and sometimes within plasmids

  
• Cell membrane


  Controls the entry of substances into and outside of the cell

  
• Nucleus


  Contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell

  
• Ribosomes


  Where protein synthesis takes place

  
• Cytoplasm


  A jelly-like substance that contains organelles and is where chemical reactions take place

  
• Mitochondria


  Where aerobic respiration takes place

  
• Permanent vacuole


  A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap found in plant cells

  
• Cell wall


  An outside layer of cellulose which strengthens and supports plant and algal cells

  
• Plasmids


  Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells

  
• Chloroplasts


  Contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells

  
• Chlorophyll


  A green pigment found in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

  
• Bacterial cell


  A single celled prokaryotic cell with free genetic material, a cell membrane and a cell wall

  
• DNA loop


  A single molecule of DNA that is found free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes

  
• aerobic respiration


  an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and release energy for the cells
• anaerobic respiration


  an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A small amount of energy is transferred for the cells
• exothermic reaction


  a reaction that transfers energy to the environment
• glycogen


  carbohydrate store in animals
• lactic acid


  the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells
• oxygen debt


  the extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid
• Mitochondria


  Organelle that is the site of respiration
• Responses to exercise

  Heart rate increases, Breathing rate increases, glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose
• endothermic reaction

  a reaction that requires a transfer of energy from the environment
• glucose

  a simple sugar
• limiting factors


  limit the rate of a reaction, for example photosynthesis
• photosynthesis


  the process by which plants make food using carbon dioxide, water, and light
• Reactants for photosynthesis


  water and carbon dioxide
• Products of photosynthesis


  glucose and oxygen
• Chloroplast


  Site of photosynthesis
• white blood cells


  Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms
• Sperm cells


  It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim. There are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed. It also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane.
• light


  energy source for photosynthesis
• aorta


  the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body

  
• arteries


  blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse
• atria


  the upper chambers of the heart

  
• capillaries


  the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick
• coronary arteries

  the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• double circulatory system

  the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is separate from the circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body