blood&heart chp.26,27

• Vena cava


  Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium
• Blood flow


  1. Vena cava

  2. Right ventricle

  3. Pulmonary artery

  4. Lungs

  5. Pulmonary veins

  6. Left atrium

  7. Left ventricle

  8. Arteries

  9. Body
• Pulmonary artery


  Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
• Pulmonary capillaries


  Oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide
• Pulmonary veins


  Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
• Blood flow through the heart

  1. Right atrium

  2. Right ventricle

  3. Pulmonary artery

  4. Lungs

  5. Pulmonary veins

  6. Left atrium

  7. Left ventricle

  8. Arteries
• Arteries


  Carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
• Portal system


  Blood pathway that begins and ends in capillaries
• Portal system


  • Hepatic portal system
• Hepatic portal system


  Connects the small intestine to the liver, allowing nutrients to move directly to the liver for storage and metabolic processes
• Coronary artery


  Supplies oxygenated blood to the muscle of the heart
• Coronary vein carries deoxygenated blood out of the muscle of the heart
• Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis.
• Blood Flow


  • Two circuits:
  • Pulmonary circuit (heart-lungs-heart)
  • Systemic circuit (heart-rest of body-heart)
• Importance of the circuits

  • Allows for oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood to be kept separate
  • Ensures blood flow reaches all parts of the body
• Blood is left oxygenated, right deoxygenated (LROD)
• Blood pressure


  The force the blood exerts against the walls of a blood vessel
• Average blood pressure is 120/80
• Sphygmomanometer


  The device that measures blood pressure
• High blood pressure


  Indicates blood is struggling to move properly throughout the blood vessels
• High blood pressure is due to blockages such as cholesterol or build up of fats in the arteries and veins
• Blood flow


  1. Vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to right atria

  2. Right atria to right ventricle to pulmonary artery

  3. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

  4. Capillaries in lungs oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide

  5. Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to left atria

  6. Left atria to left ventricle to aorta

  7. Aorta carries oxygenated blood to rest of body
• Portal system
• Heart


  Located below the lungs, slightly to the left of the thorax, above the diaphragm
• The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the pericardium
• The heart is responsible for pumping blood around the body
• Right atrium


  Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae
• Right ventricle


  Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
• Left atrium


  Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
• Left ventricle


  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta
• Tricuspid valve


  Allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
• Pulmonary valve


  Allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
• Mitral (bicuspid) valve


  Allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
• Aortic valve


  Allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
• Atrioventricular (AV) node


  Coordinates the contraction of the atria and ventricles
• Pericardium


  • A protective sac surrounding the heart
  • Allows the heart to beat without friction
• The heart muscle is thicker on the left side to pump blood more forcefully to the body
• Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle
• The front of the heart is called the anterior side, the back is called the posterior side
• Aorta


  Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of body