BAD BACTERIA

• Bacterial Pathogens


  Bad Bacteria
• Investigated the blood of plague (bubonic) and noted the presence of "little worms" or "animalcules" in the blood - cause bacteria


  Athanasius Kircher
• Discovered that the muscardine disease of silkworms was caused by a living, very small, parasitic organism


  Agostino Bassi
• Nicolas Andry discovered microorganisms called "worms" were responsible for smallpox and other diseases


  1700
• Richard Bradley theorized that the plague and 'all pestilential distempers' were caused by 'poisonous insects'


  1720
• Streptococcus mutans


  • Facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay
• Streptococcus mutans (dental caries)


  1. Causes tooth decay

  2. Bacteria lives in mouth

  3. Destroys enamel

  4. Causes toothache/loss

  5. Oral hygiene is important
• Streptococcus mutans (dental caries) treatment


  Area removed and filled
• Escherichia coli


  • Coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms
• E. coli O157:H7


  Strain that produces a toxin known as Shiga, one of the most powerful toxins, and can cause an intestinal infection
• Most types of E. coli are harmless and even help keep your digestive tract healthy
• E. coli pathology


  Fecal-oral; Normal flora of human colon; UTI (most common cause)
• E. coli treatment


  Quinolones and self-limiting
• E. coli prevention


  Handwashing, remove urinary catheters, water and food handling
• Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (pharyngitis)


  • Causes strep throat
• Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (pharyngitis)


  1. Symptoms: fever, sore throat, swollen neck glands

  2. Inhaled or ingested

  3. Treated with antibiotics: Penicillin
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis


  • Bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis


  1. Causes tuberculosis

  2. Symptoms: fatigue, fever, night sweats, cough, weight loss, chest pains, hemoptysis
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment


  1. drug regimen: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol or streptomycin
• Leprosy


  • Infectious disease that causes severe, disfiguring skin sores and nerve damage
• Leprosy cause


  Mycobacterium leprae or M. lepromatosis, also known as Hansen's disease
• Leprosy symptoms


  Disfiguring skin sores, lumps, or bumps that do not go away after several weeks or months. The skin sores are pale-colored.
• Leprosy mode of transmission


  Droplets from nasal and other secretions from patients with untreated M. leprae infection
• Leprosy diagnosis


  Skin biopsy and skin smear test
• Leprosy treatment


  Dapsone with rifampicin, and clofazimine
• Leprosy prevention


  1. Exclude people with leprosy from childcare, preschool, school and work until approval to return has been given by an infectious diseases physician

  2. Control is best achieved by the rapid elimination of infectivity in people with leprosy using multi-drug therapy

  3. Because close and prolonged contact is required for transmission, travellers to areas where leprosy is present have a very low risk of contracting the disease.
• Whooping Cough


  • Highly contagious respiratory tract infection marked by a severe hacking cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like "whoop"
• Whooping Cough cause


  Bordetella pertussis
• Whooping Cough mode of transmission

  Contagious disease, person to person
• Whooping Cough symptoms


  Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Red watery eyes, Fever, Cough
• Whooping Cough diagnosis


  Swab inside your nose and/or throat, blood test and chest x-ray
• Whooping Cough treatment


  Erythromycin is taken for 2 weeks
• Whooping Cough prevention


  DTaP vaccine
• Clostridium tetani


  • Motile, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria (terminal spores with drum stick appearance)
• Clostridium tetani


  Causes tetanus
• Clostridium tetani


  1. Symptoms: stiff jaw, muscle spasms, paralysis, lock jaw

  2. Thru punctures and wounds
• Clostridium tetani treatment


  Clean wounds/antibiotics/vaccine
• Clostridium tetani prevention


  Vaccine: DTaP/Tdap
• Clostridium tetani treatment


  Tetanus immune globulin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, and tetracycline
• Borrelia burgdorferi


  • Tick-borne obligate parasite; Gram-negative spirochete bacteria; example vector borne transmission