HES 332 Final

• What's the APEASE criteria

  Affordability

  Practical

  Effective

  Acceptable

  Safe

  Equitable
• What's the Com B model?

  - Capability (ability to enact behavior ie. physical and psychological)

  - Motivation (Mechanisms activate or inhibit behavior ie. Automatic and reflective)

  - Opportunity (environments that enable behavior ie. social and physical)

  These all feed into behavior and come back from behavior

  COM are all sources of influence
• What are the first 5 intervention functions

  - Education: Providing information and improving knowledge or skills.

  - Training: Enhancing skills through hands-on learning experiences.

  - Enablement: Creating an environment that supports the development of capabilities.

  - Environmental Restructuring: Changing the physical or social environment to make desired behaviors more or less likely.

  - Restriction: Using rules or regulations to limit or control behavior.
• What are the last 5 intervention functions

  - Modelling: Demonstrating the desired behavior through role models.

  - Persuasion: Using communication to change attitudes or beliefs.

  - Incentivization: Providing rewards or incentives to encourage behavior.

  - Coercion: Using pressure or enforcement to change behavior.

  - Training: Improving motivation by building self-confidence and self-esteem.

  These are our "How we can potentially change that behavior"
• Transtheoretical model (what's on the bottom

  - Pre contemplation (not thinking or changing behavior)

  - Contemplation (Acknowledge that there is a change to be made)

  - Preparation (they understand that they're gonna change their behavior)

  - Action (Actively changing behavior)

  Maintenance
• Trans model what are the processes of change between the stages?

  - Pre to con: consciousness raising or dramatic relief

  - Con to prep: self reevaluation

  - Prep to action: self liberation

  - Action to main: help relationship, stim control
• Trans model (what's descional balance and where is it?)

  - Decisional balance is evaluation of pros and cons of changing target behavior

  - Cons outweigh pros by pre and pros outweigh cons by maintenance
• Trans model (what's self efficacy and where is it)

  - Self efficacy is persons belief about their ability to carry out target behavior

  - High temptation levels by pre and high self efficacy by maintenance
• Draw the trans model

  
• Theory of planned behaviour (what are intentions)


  Intentions are precursors to behavior, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control
• Theory of planned behaviour, step 1, what's attitude

  Attitude: attitude towards trying to perform target

  behavior and the belief of it having favorable or unfavorable outcomes (If i quit smoking I'll be healthy)
• Theory of planned behavior, step 1, what's subjective norm

  Subjective norm: perception of whether important others believe they should perform target and persons motivation to comply (my partner doesn't want me to smoke)
• Theory of planned behaviour,step 1, what's perceived behaviour control?

  Perceived behavioral control: extent to which person feels able to perform target (I believe i can quit smoking)
• Theory of planned behavior, how do they layout


  - they all feed into intention which goes to behavior

  - There can be a direct route from PBC to behavior while not going through intention
• Draw the theory of planned behaviour

  
• Self efficacy theory...


  What are the 4 sources determining self efficacy

  - Performance accomplishment:prior experience of mastery or success of TB

  - Vicarious experience:Observation of other success performing TB

  - Verbal persuasion:encouragement from others increasing ones belief of capability to do TB

  - Emotional arousal:state of alertness or anxiety to perform TB

  This list goes from strongest to least strongest determining of SE
• Self efficacy theory...


  What does it then go into after self efficacy4 sources ----> self efficacy -----> behavior
• Self efficacy theory... whats good and bad cog appraisal


  Cog appraisal refers to individuals attribution of success or failure of TB (strong cog "I have control over my performance")
• Draw the self efficacy theory

  
• Health belief model..


  Whats the first stepcore variables are influenced by...

  - Demographic variables:age, gender, ethnicity

  - Sociocultural variables:personality, peer pressure

  - Structural variables:knowledge on disease, past experiences
• Health belief model...


  Whats the second step

  -Perceived susceptibility:extent which a person believes they are at risk of contracting disease

  -Perceived severity:Persons perception of seriousness of disease

  -Perceived benefits:Belief of relative effectiveness of known options reducing health threat

  -Perceived barriers:Beliefs about negative aspects of taking protective health actionAll feed into behavior
• Health belief model..


  What feeds into behavior in the third step- Cue to action goes straight to behavior and triggers person to do said behavior change like a media campaign

  - Self efficacy also is direct correlation to behavior with likelihood if taking action
• Draw the health belief model

  
• Self determination theory.. Whats the first step


  3 main aspects-Amotivation:lack of intention to engage in or sustain TB- Extrinsic motivation:engaging in behavior cause of external factors like feeling like you have too- Intrinsic motivation:engaging in behavior for personal growth and enjoyment
• Self determination theory.. what does Amotivation feed into?

  Non regulation:does not engage in behavior
• Self determination theory.... what does extrinsic motivation feed into?

  - External regulation: engage in behavior for incentives (money or rewards)

  - Introjected regulation: engage in behavior to avoid feelings of shame or guilt

  -Identified regulation: engage in behavior because outcome is important (grades)

  -Integrated regulation: engage in behavior because behavior is important (help with no reward)
• Self determination theory... what does intrinsic motivation feed into?

  Intrinsic regulation:engage in behavior for pleasure
• self detrmination theory... what feeds into regulation

  - Impersonal orientation:focuses on lack of personal control, feels incapable of controlling external forces- Control orientation:Orient engagement in behavior for rewards. Regulates behavior to different stimuli- Autonomy orientation:engagement in behavior based on what interests them
• self determination theory... what are the 3 psychological needs for regulation

  - Autonomy:feeling of having choice of decision to engage in behavior- Competence:feeling of mastery of skill or behavior- Relatedness:feeling of bonding with others and being supported while doing behavior
• Draw the self determination theory

  
• Health action process approach... first step, whats the motivational phase

  Everything leads into intention (3 parts)Action self efficacy:Persons belief in their ability to adopt behaviorSocial outcome expectancy:perception of social pressure, social supportGeneral outcome expectancy:expectation of outcomes like optimismPerceived severity:perception of seriousness of relevant illnessPerceived vulnerability:belief of how much they are vulnerable to relevant illness
• Health action process approach . second step, whats the transitional phase

  - Once intention is found, it is translated into an action plan- Formation of action plan is influenced by persons maintenance self efficacy and coping planning- Maintenance self efficacy:persons belief in ability to maintain new behavior and deal with barriers- Coping planning:anticipation of potential barriers and generation of behavioral options to overcome barriers
• Health action process approach, 3 step, whats the volitional phase

  - action plan turns into initiation of actual behavior and then maintenance- Situation barriers can hinder performance and disengage behavior but a persons recovery self efficacy may counter set backs- Recovery self efficacy:persons belief in ability to be resilient to failure and resume behavior
• Draw the Health action process approach

  
• Protection motivation theory


  First stage- Environmental and interpersonal sources of info initiate cognitive appraisal of threat and whether or not to engage in protective behavior- Environmental sources:observations, verbal persuasion of TB- Intrapersonal sources:previous experience, knowledge of TB
• Protection motivation theory,


  Whats the second stage on the threat appraisal side

  Intrinsic Rewards:pleasure gained from engaging in maladaptive action (pleasure from smoking)

  Extrinsic rewards:external benefits gained from engaging in maladaptive action (social connection in smoking)

  Threat severity:perceived cons from engaging in maladaptive action (lung cancer)

  Threat vulnerability:Perceived likelihood of being exposed to cons (what are the odds?)
• Protection motivation theory,


  Whats the second stage on the coping appraisal side?

  Response efficacy:belief of effectiveness of performing adaptive action (smoking cessation improves health)

  Self efficacy:Belief about persons capability of performing adaptive action (i can stop)

  Response costs:cost of associated with performing adaptive action (its inconvenient and uncomfortable)
• Protection motivation theory, whats the third stage

  These 2 cognitive appraisals determine individuals protection motivation

  High levels of protection motivation will then stimulate adaptive behavior
• Draw the protection motivation theory

  
• -Symbolizing capability:ability to place meaning onto symbols in environment facilitating learning

  - Forethought capability:ability to regulate behavior based on cognitive appraisal of future events (expected outcomes)

  - Vicarious capability:Ability to learn or model behavior through observation

  - Self regulatory capability:ability to identify discrepancies between actual behavior and personal standards (goal setting)

  - Self reflective capability:ability to analyze own experiences, thoughts and knowledge to adjust behavior. Biggest influence is self efficacy