TISSUE INTEGRITY STUDY GUIDE

• Basal metabolic rate (BMR)


  The energy requirement for a person at rest
• Functional food


  Biologically active ingredients that have health benefits
• Fortified food


  Have additional vitamins/minerals for added health benefits
• Organic food


  Food without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers
• GMO (novel or genetically-modified)


  Insertion of genes into another organism, used to prevent disease and for desired quality
• Carbohydrates


  Source of energy in diet
• Proteins


  Required for building body tissue, maintenance and repair
• Fats


  Calorically dense nutrient
• Cholesterol


  Sterol that can be synthesized by the liver
• Essential amino acid


  Body cannot synthesize
• Non-essential amino acids


  Body can synthesize
• Glycemic index


  Ranking system for carbohydrate rich foods and the effect on blood glucose levels
• Nitrogen balance


  Achieved when intake and output of nitrogen are equal
• Vitamins


  Organic substance essential to normal metabolism
• Minerals


  Inorganic substance, act as catalyst
• Aspiration


  Epiglottis flap covers trachea to prevent
• Dysphagia


  Difficulty swallowing
• Peristalsis


  Movement of contents through the intestines
• Negative nitrogen balance


  When the body loses more nitrogen than gains
• Pressure Injury (PI)


  Localized damage to skin, underlying soft tissue or both
• Tissue ischemia


  Decreased blood supply to the tissues
• Blanching


  Normal red tones of light skinned patients are absent
• Friction and shear


  The force or 2 surfaces moving against. another, force of exerted parallel to the skin resulting from gravity and resistance
• Erythema


  Red discolouration
• Induration


  Increased firmness of tissue
• Non-viable tissue


  The amount and appearance of tissue
• Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD)

  Moisture associated skin irritation caused by longed exposure to urine or stool
• Granulation tissue


  Red, moist tissue composed of new blood vessels; sign of healing
• Slough


  Soft yellow or white tissue
• Eschar


  Brown or black tissue
• Exudate


  Describes the amount, colour, consistency and odor of would drainage
• Primary intention


  Skin edges are close and has low risk of infection ie. Surgical wounds
• Secondary intention


  Loss of tissue, becomes filled with scar tissue to heal ie. burn
• Hemostasis


  Injured blood vessels constrict and platelets gather to stop bleeding
• GI structures responsible for digestion

  Describe the GI structures and their function in digestion, and how this changes with ageing
• Certain health conditions


  Impact the function and structure of the digestive system
• Nutrition and digestive system


  Impact certain conditions (e.g. osteoporosis, immobility, pressure injury and IAD)
• Metabolic changes with immobility

  Older adults do not require as much energy as their metabolic rate decreases but their need for vitamins and minerals remains the same
• Macronutrients


  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
• Carbohydrates


  Energy source