Matter

• Atom


  The smallest particle of an element
• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• Element


  A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions
• In its simplest form, matter is made up of elements
• Molecule


  Made of more than 1 atom, but could be atoms of the same element
• Compound


  Type of molecule made of atoms of more than one element
• Proton


  Positive part of an atom, in the nucleus of an atom, part of an atom's mass
• Electron

  Negative part of an atom, involved in chemical bonds, orbits nucleus
• Neutron


  No charge, part of an atoms mass, in the nucleus
• Modern Atomic Model


  • Nucleus of the atom contains the protons and neutrons
  • Protons and neutrons have the same mass and added together make up the atomic mass
  • Electrons have almost no mass and have a negative charge ( - )
  • Each element's atoms have a specific atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus
  • If the number of protons and electrons are the same, the element has zero charge, if there are more protons, the atom is positively charged, etc. An atom with a charge is an ion
• Periodic Table


  • Organizes the elements based on their atomic numbers
• Isotopes


  Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• The different isotopes have slightly different masses because of the different numbers of neutrons
• The mass of an element is typically represented as an average of the most common isotopes of the element in nature
• Mixture


  Combination of substances in which the substances are not combined on chemical level
• Mixtures can be made from solids, liquids, and gasses in any combination</b>
• The parts in a mixture do not chemically combine, and they may be found in a variety of ratios
• The parts of the mixture are so thoroughly mixed together that they look like a single substance
• Element


  A substance made up entirely of a single kind of atom
• Compound


  A chemical combination of 2 or more elements, with a specific relationship among the elements
• A compound always contains elements in the same ratio
• Metals


  On the left, shiny, conduct heat & electricity, flexible, participate in ionic reactions
• Non-metals


  On the right, dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat & electricity, participate in ionic reactions
• Metalloids


  In a zig-zagging through the middle of the periodic table, solid semiconductors, participate in covalent reactions
• Transition metals


  Groups 3-12 in the middle, similar to metals but have a unique valence electron structure
• Atomic number


  Number of protons, determines what element it is
• Atomic mass


  Number of protons + neutrons
• Groups


  Columns or families of the periodic table
• Periods


  Rows of the periodic table
• Malleable


  • Able to be bent and change into a new shape (applies to metals)
• Ion


  Atom with a positive or negative charge (not an equal number of protons and neutrons)
• Isotope


  Atom with a different number of neutrons, therefore a different mass
• Homogeneous Mixture


  particles are small and all the samples of the mixture will be

  the same (solution)
• Heterogeneous Mixture


  all the samples taken will be different, particles are usually

  big enough to see