photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis


  The process that puts usable energy ( Light ) into living system
• Thylakoids are stacked to form grana
• photosynthesis formula


  6CO_2 + 6H_2O -(light +chlorophyll)-> glucose + 6O_2
• location of photosynthesis occurrance

  Photosynthesis in the chloroplasts of all plants and some protists (algae) on some bacteria. These organisms are known as autotrophs because they can make their own organic molecules (glucose) from inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide)
• Grana: the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast that contain chlorophyll and lamellae.
• stroma: the liquid filled space between the grana that contains the grana that contain other chemicals necessary for photosynthesis.
• chloroplasts have a double membrane structure.
• 1st stage: Photo (light dependent)

  • chlorophyll absorbs light and occurs in the grana, it splits H_2O which releases oxygen and create hydrogen ions and energy
• 2nd stage: Synthesis (light Independent)

  • this stage does not require light energy and occurs in the stroma, it uses energy and the hydrogen ions produced in the stage one to fix the carbon in the carbon dioxide into glucose.
• label the photosynthesis diagram

  A) water

  B) carbon dioxide

  C) oxygen

  D) glucose

  E) grana

  F) stroma

  G) light energy

  
• the three kingdoms that can photosynthesis include plants, some protists and some bacteria.
• endergonic - A chemical reaction in biology that requires an input of energy to proceed. These reactions are essential for building complex molecules and storing energy in cells.
• exergonic - A chemical reaction in biology that releases energy, usually in the form of heat. These reactions occur naturally and help drive cellular processes.