CCS APPLE

• What is the definition, purpose, and principles of Trauma-Informed Practice (TIP)?


  Trauma-Informed Practice (TIP) involves understanding and addressing the impact of trauma.

  
  

  Its purpose is to create a safe and supportive environment. Principles include safety, trustworthiness, collaboration, empowerment, and cultural sensitivity.
• What does Gender Equity focus on?

  Gender Equity focuses on ensuring fairness and justice for all genders, addressing disparities and promoting equal opportunities.
• What does Cultural Safety mean?

  Cultural Safety involves creating an environment where individuals feel respected and valued regardless of factors like socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, migrant or refugee status, religious belief, or disability.
• What challenges are associated with Cultural Safety in Western medicine?

  In Western medicine, benefits may not adequately cover alternative medicine, leading to fear of discrimination and a lack of trust in the healthcare system.

  
  

  This can result in prolonged necessary interventions, causing clients and families to suffer consequences.
• What is the essence of Cultural Humility?

  Cultural Humility involves a lifelong commitment to self-reflection, learning, and understanding diverse cultures, promoting humility rather than assuming cultural competence.
• What is the goal of Health Equity?

  Health Equity aims to ensure everyone has the opportunity to attain their highest level of health, irrespective of social, economic, or cultural factors.
• What are cultural conflicts?

  Cultural conflicts arise when there are disagreements or tensions between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds, often due to differences in values, beliefs, or practices.
• What is implicit bias?

  Implicit bias refers to unconscious or unintentional prejudices and stereotypes that affect perceptions and decisions without awareness.
• What is explicit bias?


  Explicit bias refers to consciously held biases and prejudices that are known and recognized by an individual, influencing their attitudes and behaviors.
• What is ethnocentrism?


  Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own cultural group is superior to others.

  
  

  Example: Believing that your way of celebrating holidays is the only correct way.
• What are stereotypes?


  Stereotypes are oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a particular group of people.

  
  

  Example: Assuming all individuals from a specific country are good at a particular sport.
• What is discrimination?


  Discrimination is treating individuals unfairly based on their perceived differences.

  
  

  Example: Refusing to hire someone because of their ethnicity.
• What is racism?


  Racism is the belief that one race is superior to another, leading to discriminatory practices.

  
  

  Example: Denying certain opportunities or rights to individuals based on their race.
• How can we promote equity?

  Build connections, address unequal power, challenge discrimination, eliminate disparities, provide education for tolerance, implement fair policies, encourage self-advocacy, use research to address disparities, and hold individuals and institutions accountable.
• What are the key components of Trauma-Informed Practice (TIP)?

  1.4R's in the Center:Realize, Recognize, Respond, and Resist re-traumatization.

  
  

  2.6 Guiding Principles:Safety, Trust & Transparency, Peer Support, Empowerment Voice & Choice, Collaboration & Mutality, Cultural, Historical & Gender Issues
• Why is communication important in nursing practice?

  1.Therapeutic Relationships:Establishing trust, safety, and caring for individualized care.

  
  

  2.Basis for Nursing Process:Essential for effective application of the nursing process.

  
  

  3.Client Autonomy:Fostering independence and involvement in decision-making.

  
  

  4.Better Client Outcomes:Enhances overall client health and well-being.

  
  

  5.Increases Professional Credibility:Builds trust and credibility in the nursing profession.
• What factors contribute to developing communication skills?

  1.Perceptual Biases:Understanding and addressing biases in perception.

  
  

  2.The Nursing Process:Integrating effective communication into the nursing process.

  
  

  3.Contextual Knowledge:Utilizing contextual understanding for improved communication.

  
  

  4.Reflexivity:Reflecting on one's own thoughts and actions to enhance communication skills.
• What are the 5 levels of communication?

  1.Intrapersonal:Communication within oneself.

  
  

  2.Interpersonal:Communication between individuals.

  
  

  3.Small-Group:Communication within a small group.

  
  

  4.Public:Communication to a large audience.

  
  

  5.Transpersonal:Spiritual or transcendent communication.
• What factors are involved in the communication process?

  Emphasizing that effective communication involves more than just the content of the message, considering tone, body language, and context.
• What are the elements of verbal communication?

  Verbal communication involves using words (written, oral, or sign language) with attention to vocabulary, pacing, tone, brevity, timing, relevance, and considering both denotative and connotative meanings.
• What are the components of nonverbal communication?

  Nonverbal communication includes personal appearance, facial expression, posture & gait, eye contact, touch, gestures & sound, and personal space, which can supplement, reinforce, or undermine verbal messages.
• What are the different zones of personal space?


  Personal space is categorized into intimate (0-1.5 ft), personal (1.5-4 ft), social (4-12 ft), and public (12+ ft) zones.
• What are key elements of professional communication?

  1.Courtesy:Politeness and respect in communication.

  
  

  2.Use of Names:Proper and respectful addressing of individuals.

  
  

  3.Trustworthiness:Building and maintaining trust in communication.

  
  

  4.Autonomy and Responsibility:Respecting individual independence and accountability.

  
  

  5.Assertiveness:Expressing one's needs and opinions with confidence.

  
  

  6."I" Language:Using language that reflects personal feelings and experiences.
• How do you communicate effectively in therapy?

  Use active listening, show empathy, clarify, reflect, ask open-ended questions, and summarize to connect better with others.
• What are some barriers to effective communication?


  Asking personal questions, giving opinions, changing subjects, automatic responses, false reassurance, sympathy, asking "why," approval/disapproval, defensiveness, passive/aggressive responses, and arguing are common barriers.
• What are the key strategies for active listening?

  Use the SOLER acronym:

  
  

  Sit facing the person, Open posture, Lean forward, Eye contact, and Relax to enhance active listening.
• When are open-ended questions effective and ineffective?

  Open-ended questions work well to encourage discussion and obtain detailed responses, but may not be suitable for specific or brief information.
• When are closed-ended questions effective and ineffective?

  Closed-ended questions work well for obtaining specific and concise information, but may limit discussion and fail to encourage elaboration or expression.
• How can communication be adapted for clients with specific needs?

  Tailor communication for unclear speech, cognitive impairment, hearing impairment, visual impairment, tactile preference, unresponsiveness, and diverse languages, utilizing appropriate strategies for each situation.
• What is aphasia?


  Aphasia is the inability to produce or understand language, requiring special communication approaches.
• What are the truths about cognitive changes in aging?

  1. Structural and physiological changes in the brain are normal with aging.

  
  

  2. Symptoms like disorientation, loss of language skills, inability to calculate, and poor judgment are not normal aging changes and may indicate underlying issues.
• What is delirium?


  1.Definition:Delirium is an acute, reversible state of disorientation, inattention, and confusion.

  
  

  2.Characteristics:It has a rapid onset (hours to days) and is more prevalent with age, especially in acute care settings.
• What are the main signs and symptoms of delirium?


  1.Confused/Disoriented:Lack of clarity in thinking.

  
  

  2.Visual Hallucinations:Seeing things that aren't there (less commonly, auditory hallucinations).

  
  

  3.Difficulty Thinking/Focusing Attention:Impaired cognitive function.

  
  

  4.Behavior or Personality:Unusual changes in behavior.
• What does PRISME stand for in delirium assessment?

  PRISME is an acronym used to consider potential causes of delirium:

  
  

  P: Predisposing Factors

  R: Response to stress or illness

  I: Iatrogenic (medication or medical treatment)

  S: Substance use or withdrawal

  M: Metabolic (e.g., electrolyte imbalances)

  E: Environmental (changes in surroundings)
• Why does delirium occur?

  It can be triggered by factors such as predisposing conditions, response to stress or illness, iatrogenic causes, substance use or withdrawal, metabolic imbalances, and environmental changes.
• Why is delirium considered a medical emergency?

  1.Poor Outcomes:Can lead to falls, injuries, and other adverse events.

  
  

  2.Increased Length of Stay (L.O.S.):Prolongs hospitalization.

  
  

  3.Death:Can result in fatal outcomes.
• What are some contributing factors to delirium?

  1.Infection:Causes inflammation, leading to confusion in older adults.

  
  

  2.Low Sodium (Na+):Cellular swelling due to low sodium levels can cause confusion.

  
  

  3.Impaction:Dehydration, nausea, irritation, and constipation can lead to bowel perforation.
• How is delirium managed?

  1.Find and Treat Underlying Cause:Identifying and addressing the root cause is crucial.

  
  

  2.Involve Family and Friends:Support from loved ones is beneficial.

  
  

  3.Simplify Routine:Keep the client's routine straightforward.

  Maintain a Calm Environment: Reduce distractions to create a calm atmosphere.
• What is dementia?


  Umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life

  
  

  Characteristics:It involves a generalized impairment of intellectual functioning and gradual deterioration over time.
• What are the main warning signs of dementia?

  What are the main warning signs of dementia?

  
  

  1.Memory Loss:Affecting day-to-day abilities.

  
  

  2.Difficulty Performing Familiar Tasks (ADLs):Struggles with routine activities.

  
  

  3.Language Problems:Difficulty in communication.