titrations

• What is an acid-base titration?


  An analytical procedure involving a reaction between an acid solution and a base solution.
• Primary Standard


  Is a soluble solid compound that is very pure. When dissolved in a solvent it is called a primary standard solution.
• Primary Standard Solution 


  Is a solution with an accurately known concentration.
• The primary standard solution is used in a reaction, to determine another solutions concentration. This is the secondary standard solution
• Equivalence point


  It is the point at which the stoichiometric amounts of each substance have reacted, where there is neither acid nor base in excess or is limiting; ie the solution is neutral.
• Endpoint 


  The visible/physical change when a solution is at/near the equivalence point; ie the colour change
• Pipette:


  Delivers the aliquot (eg: 20mL) and should be rinsed with a small amount of the solution being obtained first.
• Aliquot


  A specific volume of solution
• Burette


  Accurately delivers the titre and should be rinsed with the solution being delivered before beginning the titration.
• Titre


  A variable volume of solution
• Volumetric Flask


  Used to make the standard solution. Needs to be rinsed with distilled water before using.
• Conical Flask


  Holds the reaction mixture during the titration and is rinsed with distilled water before adding the aliquot
• Characteristics of Primary Standards:

  • high degree of purity
  • known formula
  • high molar mass (minimises errors during weighing)
  • stable (does not react with moisture)
  • not react with CO2
  • go through known reactions
• Deliquescent


  Becoming liquid/having a tendency to become liquid (E.g NaOH)
• Hygroscopic


  tending to absorb moisture from the air