COMP ORG. MIDTERM

• INSTRUCTION SET


  collection of different instructions that a processor can execute
• OPERATION CODE


  This specifies the operation to be performed. It is also known as the opcode.
• SOURCE OPERAND REFERENCE


  This encompasses the input for the operation. An operation may involve one or more source operands.
• RESULT OPERAND REFERENCE


  This encompasses the results of the operation.
• NEXT INSTRUCTION REFERENCE


  This indicates where the processor should fetch the next instruction.
• MOV Dest, Source


  This is used to move data between registers or between

  registersand memory.
• XCHG Op1, Op2


  This swaps the contents between two registers or between register and memory
• PUSH Source


  This decrements the extended stack pointer (ESP) and copies the source operand to the stack top.
• POP Dest


  This copies the stock top to the destination and increments the ESP.
• LOAD


  Transfer from memory to register. 32
• LOAD HALFWORD


  Transfer from memory to register. 16
• LOAD


  Transfer from register to register. 32
• LOAD SHORT


  Transfer from floating-point register to floating-point register. 32
• LOAD LONG


  Transfer from memory to floating- point register. 64
• STORE


  Transfer from register to memory. 32
• STORE HALFWORD


  Transfer from register to memory. 16
• STORE CHARACTER


  Transfer from register to memory. 8
• STORE SHORT


  Transfer from floating-point register to memory. 32
• CONVERSION INSTRUCTIONS


  are instructions that changes the format or operate on the format of data.
• R2


  contains the address of the start of an 8-bit code
• L


  represents the number of bytes that are translated at the specified address
• Input/Output (I/O) instructions


  encompasses the operation of transferring external data into the memory and vice versa.
• Programmed I/O


  These operations may include sensing the device status, sending a read or write command, and transferring of data
• Interrupt-Driven I/O


  The processor issues an I/O command, continues to execute other instructions, and is interrupted by the I/O module when the latter task is completed.
• Direct Memory Access (DMA)


  useful for transferring blocks of data within the system memory.
• IN Dest, Source


  This copies data from the I/O port specified by the source operand to the destination operand, which is a register location.
• INS Dest, Source


  This copies data from the I/O port specified by operand to the destination operand, which is a memory location.
• OUT Dest, Source


  This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value from the source register to the I/O port specified by the destination operand.
• OUTS Dest, Source


  This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value from the source operand, which is a memory location, to the I/O port in the instruction stream but does not impact the machine

  specifiedwiththedestination operand.
• System control instructions


  are instructions that can only be executed while the processor is in a certain privileged state, or is executing a program in a distinct privileged area of the memory.
• CALL Proc


  This saves the procedure linking information on the stack and branches to the called procedure that is specified by the

  operand.
• RET


  This transfers the program control to a return address located on the top of the stack
• JMP Dest


  This transfers program control to a different point in the instruction stream without recording the return information.
• Jcc Dest


  This checks the state of one or more status flags in the register
• NOP


  This is a one-byte or multi-byte instruction that takes up space in the instruction stream but does not impact the machine context
• HLT


  This stops instruction execution and places the processor in a

  halt state.
• WAIT


  This causes the processor to repeatedly check for and handle pending, unmasked, floating-point exceptions before

  proceeding.
• INT Nr


  This interrupts the current program and runs a specified

  interrupt program.
• Intel x86 instruction set


  involves complex array of operation types, including some specialized instructions
• CALL, ENTER, LEAVE, and RETURN.


  four (4) instructions that supports procedural call/return are?