DCEE 25

• Occupational safety and health engineering

  Prevent occupational disease and injury by management of the work environment
• Operating principle of occupational safety and health engineering

  • Systematically provide worker protection against safety and health hazards by using techniques that do not place the burden of protection on the worker
• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sponsored a series of workshops on ways to improve engineering practice, education, and research in the field of occupational safety and health
• Traditional occupational safety and health engineering categories

  • Safety engineering
  • Occupational health engineering
  • Ergonomics
• Professional groups targeted to receive information

  • All practicing engineers
  • Professional safety engineers
  • Industrial hygienists and safety practitioners who are not engineers
• General types of hazards

  • Physical hazards
  • Chemical hazards
  • Biological hazards
• Physical hazards


  Agents, factors or circumstances that can cause harm with contact
• Physical hazards


  • Ergonomic hazards
  • Noise
  • Heat and cold stress
  • Vibration
  • Fall
  • Machine
• Chemical hazards


  Substances that have the potential to cause harm to life or health
• Biological hazards


  Biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans
• Legal and ethical responsibilities and liabilities of engineers

  According to Section 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards, this body of standards rules and regulations shall be referred to as "Standards"
• Factors in considering the cost of having a safe workplace


  • Engineering design
  • Capital cost
  • Ventilation
  • Process change
  • Maintenance costs
• Effectiveness of engineering controls


  Depends on monitoring production equipment, process streams, and equipment installed solely for protection of exposed workers
• Benefits of engineering control of hazards

  • Lives can be saved and good health can be promoted
  • Reduction in occupational injuries and illnesses can decrease the premium paid for worker's compensation
  • Excess labor costs incurred by workers absent because of illness or injury can be reduced
  • Savings can be realized in personnel replacement and training costs
  • Penalties charged by OSHA can be avoided
  • Good will can be secured from employees, stockholders, and the public
• Types of educational needs

  • Incorporating occupational safety and health into engineering education
  • Providing specialized training in occupational safety and health engineering as professional fields
  • Providing training in engineering techniques and practices for practitioners of occupational safety and health who are not engineers
• Special reasons for promoting occupational safety and health education

  • Avoid negligence of OSH Act
  • Promote public safety
  • Improve job performance
  • Salary
• Needed research on engineering controls

  • Chemical
  • Physical
  • Biological
• Engr. Rosemary V. Saavedra: 'God bless and stay safe, class!'
• Housekeeping

  • Putting everything in proper place
  • Lessens accidents and related injuries and illnesses
  • Improves productivity and minimizes direct/indirect costs of accidents/illnesses
• 5S Philosophy


  • A Japanese concept that aims to optimize time for production
  • 5S is the acronym for five Japanese words: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke, which signify order, cleanliness, purity and commitment
  • The 5S philosophy focuses on effective workplace organization, helps simplify the workplace environment and reduce waste, while improving quality and safety
• Steps on implementing 5S on housekeeping

  1. Preparation

  2. Management's official announcement

  3. Clean-up day

  4. Initial Seiri

  5. Preparation

  6. Periodic 5S audit
• Seiri (Sort)


  • Sort through materials, keeping only the essential items needed to complete tasks
• Seiton (Set in Order)

  • Ensure that all items are organized and each item has a designated place
• Seiso (Shine)


  • Proactive efforts to keep workplace areas clean and orderly to ensure purpose-driven work
• Seiketsu (Standardize)


  • Create a set of standards for both organization and processes
• Shitsuke (Sustain)


  • Sustain new practices and conduct audits to maintain discipline
• Benefits of good housekeeping practices
• Manual Materials Handling


  Technique which includes the art of lifting, placing, storing, or movement of materials through the use of one's physical strength or appropriate handling equipment
• Mechanical Materials Handling


  Technique which includes the use of rigid, manually or mechanically-powered equipment mainly for handling bulky and heavy items
• Protective clothing to wear

  • Lightweight, flexible, tear and puncture-resistant clothing
  • Safety boots with toe caps and slip-resistant soles
  • Protective gloves, appropriate for the materials being handled
• Manual handling guideline


  1. Wear safety boots with toe caps

  2. Use an ergonomically correct shovel

  3. Put weight on front foot. Use leg to push shovel

  4. Keep feet wide apart. Place front foot close to shovel

  5. Turn the feet in the direction of throw

  6. Take frequent breaks and drink plenty of water
• Lifting guideline


  1. Assess and identify the weight of the load

  2. Get help with heavy and awkward loads

  3. Be sure that the load is "free" to move

  4. Check if the planned location of the load is free of obstacles and debris

  5. Be sure that the path to the planned location of the load is clear

  6. Do not lift if you are not sure that you can handle the load safely
• Manually-powered material handling equipment

  • Rolling Platforms
  • Hand Truck
  • Shelf Truck
  • Platform Truck
  • Semi-live Skid
  • Stair Climbing Track
  • Four Wheeled Hand Truck
  • Pump Truck
  • Poly Dump Cart
  • Tilting Drums Cradles
  • Rack or Bin
• Material storage


  • Materials should be neatly and orderly stored
  • Storage room should have at least two exits, be properly illuminated, and properly ventilated
• Important notes in storing materials
• Activity number 2
• Fire safety


  Planning and infrastructure design aimed at reducing the risk of fire or impeding the spread of a fire when one does break out

  
• Fire safety encompasses


  • Use of fire-resistant building materials
  • Preventative actions
  • Safe work practices
  • Fire safety training
  • Flame-resistant protective clothing
• Fire triangle


  Simple model for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires
• Elements of the fire triangle

  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
  • Heat