Q4 - MELC 1 (Video)

• Research


  A careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern or issue using the scientific method to gain new knowledge
• Research paper


  A piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation and argument based on in-depth independent research
• Abstract


  A short summary of completed research intended to describe the work without going into detail, self-contained and concise
• Introduction


  Leads the reader from a general subject area to a particular topic of inquiry, establishes the scope, context and significance of the research
• Literature review


  Provides an overview of sources explored, including books, scholarly articles and other relevant sources, to demonstrate how the research fits within a larger field of study
• Hypothesis


  A statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research, the researcher's intellectual guess about the possible result
• Methodology


  The systematic method to resolve a research problem through data gathering using various techniques, providing an interpretation of data and drawing conclusions
• Population


  The entire group that the researcher wants to draw conclusions about, can refer to objects, events, organizations, countries, species, organisms, etc.
• Sample


  A smaller part or subgroup of the population, the specific group within a population that the researcher will collect data from
• Respondents answer or reply to questions, Participants contribute more actively in qualitative studies, Subjects are people in the researcher's experiment
• Variable


  Any factor, trait or condition that can be manipulated, controlled for or measured in an experiment
• Independent variable


  The variable in an experiment that is changed or manipulated, assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable
• Dependent variable


  The variable that responds to the changes, the variable being tested and measured
• Research instrument


  Any tool used to collect, measure or analyze data relevant to the research, such as questionnaires, surveys, interviews, checklists or tests
• Questionnaire


  A set of standardized questions, often called items, that follow a fixed scheme to collect individual data about one or more specific topics
• Data


  Any information that has been collected, observed, generated or created to validate original research findings
• Results


  The section of a research paper where the authors provide the data collected during their study
• Discussion


  The section of a research paper that interprets and describes the significance of the findings in light of what was already known, and explains any new understanding or insights
• Conclusion


  Intended to help the reader understand why the research should matter to them, a synthesis of key points
• Reference


  The last page of a research paper that lists all the sources used in the study, giving credit to authors consulted
• Appendix


  A space for materials that help clarify the research but do not belong in the main text, such as research instruments like interview transcripts, questionnaires or surveys
• Systematic - because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow.
• Organized - in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. it is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one, focused and limited to a specific scope.
• Finding Answers - is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers.
• Questions - are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose.
• Necessity - Sometimes it's simply not possible to study the whole population due to its size or inaccessibility.
• Practicality - it's easier and more efficient to collect data from a sample.
• Cost-effectiveness - There are fewer participants, laboratory equipment, and researcher costs involved.
• Manageability - Storing and running statistical analyses on smaller datasets is easier and reliable.
• Reasons for Sampling

  Neccesity, Practicality, Cost-effectiveness, and Manageability