IPHP

• Knowledge


  The clear awareness and understanding of something
• Proposition/Statement


  A claim that requires further examination to establish if it is true or false
• 3 Theories of Truth

  • Correspondence Theory
  • Coherence Theory
  • Pragmatic Theory
• Correspondence Theory


  • A proposition is true if it corresponds to the facts
  • Strength: Simplicity, Appeal to common sense
  • Problem: What about religious truths?
• Coherence Theory


  • A proposition is true if it coheres with all the other propositions taken to be true
  • Problem: Can a body of false statements be coherent as well? What made other beliefs true?
• Pragmatic Theory


  • A proposition is true if it is useful to believe
  • Problem: If fake news works, does it become true?
• 3 Perspectives on Truth

  • Belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one's senses
  • Belief or statement is true if it is based on facts
  • Belief is true if it leads to beneficial consequences
• Systematic doubt is employed in philosophy to help determine truth
• There are instances when we have to unlearn something so that we may learn anew
• You can examine yourself to determine if you are alive, have a body, and can breathe
• Determining if you have a body and can breathe

  1. Check for a pulse

  2. Feel your heartbeat

  3. Check for hands, arms, legs, feet, and a head

  4. Try to take a deep breath and exhale
• A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts
• Philosophizing


  A process of determining the truth or a Conclusion of a statement through the use of various philosophical methods
• Scientific method/Empirical method


  • A process of determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning
• Arguments


  A series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful
• Fallacies


  Arguments that are products of faulty reasoning
• Biases


  Tendencies or influences that affect the views of people
• Objective evaluation of opinions and an awareness of our own personal biases can help us make wise choices regarding the most acceptable views to adopt and the right actions to undertake
• The most basic definition of a human being relates to the nature of humans as animals.
• Philosophers, however, believe that the human being is not just a mere animal. There is something in the human that sets him or her apart from other beings.
• Traits that make a human a distinct individual person

  • Has awareness of self
  • Has self-determination
  • Externality
  • Has dignity
• The soul causes the body to live; indeed, it is the soul that animates the body.
• Aristotle believes that the soul is the form to the body, while the body is the matter to the soul.
• Aristotle believes that body and soul are inseparable. Body and soul, therefore, constitute the human person as a whole.
• The spirit is the intangible element that enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.
• Philosophers consider the human person as defined by the union of the body and the spirit. The human person is an embodied spirit.
• Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that make us human persons.
• With human embodiment, physical acts are no longer purely physical acts, because the body conveys something from a person's inner world.
• It is through embodiment that a person is able to have a very unique relationship with the world. And it is this unique relationship that defines us as humans.
• The human person as an embodied spirit means that both our body as spirit define as human nature and experience. The body and spirit come collectively to form a whole and give us the chance to have a meaningful experience.
• It is our right and responsibility to give our whole self the fullest expression to grow and have an expressive involvement.
• The human being is recognized not only as a distinct species- Homo sapiens, but as a unique being, an individual person possessing awareness of the self.
• Person is defined as a human being with granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity above all.
• The human person has the totality of an individual, possessing awareness, self-determination, the capacity to interact with others and with himself/ herself and with dignity.
• Soul causes the body to live; indeed, it is the soul that animates the body.
• Spirit refers to the intangible element enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.
• Human spirit as an embodied spirit. This means that both the human body and spirit define human nature and experience. The body and spirit come together to form a whole, and this integration defines the embodiment of the person. The human person's nature as an embodied spirit gives rise to the characteristics that define the person.
• It is a wonderful day to start our new lesson, but before going in to it, let us have a short review of our previous lesson
• Facilitator will instruct the students to answer the given question before proceeding to the new lesson
• Embodiment


  Gives us the opportunity to do all the things that human person does, but we cannot always say that our own body is limitless