Exam 5

• what is the preferred preparation for treating hypothyroidism and suppressing nontoxic goiters?

  Levothyroxine (synthroid)
• what is a goiter?


  Enlargement of the thyroid gland that typically occurs with iron deficiency
• why is the pituitary gland the master gland?

  because it regulates the function of all other endocrine glands
• what is an acromegaly?


  a condition when growth horomone is over secreted in adulthood
• what is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland called?

  Hypophysectomy
• what is thyroid crisis?

  typically occurs 12 hours after surgery and causes high fever, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness
• what is the primary indicator of hyperthyroidism?


  intolerance to heat
• what do glucocorticoids do?

  affect metabolism, suppress inflammation, and help the body withstand stress
• what do mineralocorticoids do?

  maintain water and electrolyte balance
• what is the function of parathyroid horomone?

  Calcium and phosphorus regulation
• what is myxedemic coma?

  Severe hypothyroidism
• what horomones does the thyroid gland secrete?

  Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
• what good one is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

  parathormone
• what findings indicate a condition that affects the endocrine system?

  temperature intolerance, change in energy level, change in skin texture, change in body proportions and muscle mass
• what does increased secretion of parathormone result in?

  Hypercalcemia
• when is a vasopressin test preformed?


  in the morning after fasting
• what should you monitor for a patient with cushing syndrome that is at risk for developing a peptic ulcer?

  stool color and test stool for occult blood
• what diagnostic test is preformed for a suspected pituitary tumor?

  CT scan
• what are beta blockers used for in hyperthyroidism?

  to counteract sympathetic nervous system effects
• what is acute glomerulonephritis?

  Kidney inflammation causing proteinuria
• what foods should be restricted if on a low potassium or phosphorus diet?

  bananas, citrus fruits and juices, coffee
• what are the characteristics of hyperkalemia on an ECG?

  Peaked T waves, widened QRS complex, absent P waves
• what is azotemia?


  excessive nitrogenous waste in the blood
• what are the signs of acute kidney injury?

  increase in creatinine, decrease in GFR, and decline in urine output
• how is fluid retained measure by kg gained?

  1kg gained = 1000ml fluid retained
• if potassium levels are elevated in patients with kidney disease what would you administer?

  sodium polystyrene sulfonate
• how are toxins and wastes in the blood removed during hemodialysis?

  through diffusion
• what should i do if a patients ileal conduit with stents stops draining urine?

  insert a catheter through the stoma and irrigate the stent with 5 to 10ml of normal saline
• what level of urine output is abnormal and requires further assessment?

  less than 30 ml per hour
• what is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?

  painless gross hematuria
• what do spinal cord injury patients typically experience reflex incontinence?

  because they lose motor control of the detrusor muscle and the urge to go
• what are the signs and symptoms of peritonitis?

  Abdominal pain and distention, fever, nausea, vomiting, leukocytosis, absence of bowel sounds, muscle rigidity
• what is lithotripsy?


  procedure using ultrasound shockwave to break kidney stones or calculi into small particles that can be eliminated from body
• what discharge education should you give a patient following a lithotripsy?

  increase fluid intake to 2 to 3 L per day in order to flush the renal calculi out of the body
• what is the most important post op intervention for a urinary diversion procedure?

  maintain skin and stomal integrity
• what is the first line medication used to inhibit bladder contraction in patients with incontinence?

  Anticholinergics
• what type of diet poses a possible risk factor for prostate cancer?

  High-fat diet
• what is the function of the scrotum?

  keeps the tested at necessary temperature to ensure sperm production
• what is a normal prostate specific antigen level?

  less than 4.0 ng/mL
• what must be done before leaving the room when placing a patient on continuous bladder irrigation?

  evaluate latency of drainage lumen to ensure solution being infused is able to be eliminated