NDHS pt 1

• Household


  A person or group of related or unrelated persons who live together in the same dwelling unit(s), who acknowledge one adult male or female as the head of the household, who share the same housekeeping arrangements, and who are considered a single unit
• De facto population


  All persons who stayed in the selected households the night before the interview (whether usual residents or visitors)
• De jure population


  All persons who are usual residents of the selected households, whether or not they stayed in the household the night before the interview
• Orphan


  A child with one or both parents who are dead
• Registered birth


  Child has a birth certificate or child does not have a birth certificate, but the birth is registered with the civil authorities
• Net attendance ratio (NAR)

  Percentage of the school-age population that attends primary or secondary school
• Gross attendance ratio (GAR)


  The total number of children attending primary school divided by the official primary school-age population and the total number of children attending secondary school divided by the official secondary school-age population
• Gender parity index (GPI)


  The ratio of female to male students attending primary school and the ratio of female to male students attending secondary school. The index reflects the magnitude of the gender gap
• The percentage of children whose births were registered is 90% or above in all regions except BARMM (77%)
• The percentage of children whose births are registered has increased slightly since 2017, from 92% to 94%. Over the same time period, the percentage of children with a birth certificate has risen from 68% to 85%
• The median number of years of schooling is higher in urban areas than rural areas among both females (9.4 years versus 7.8 years) and males (9.2 years versus 7.0 years)
• Among both females and males, median number of years of schooling is highest in NCR (9.7 years and 9.5 years, respectively) and lowest in BARMM (5.4 years and 5.0 years, respectively)
• Four percent of females and 5% of males in NCR have never attended school; by contrast, 15% of both females and males in BARMM have never attended school
• Educational attainment increases with increasing household wealth. Females in the lowest wealth quintile have completed a median of 5.4 years of schooling, as compared with a median of 12.7 years in the highest wealth quintile. The median number of years of schooling increases from 5.1 years among males in the lowest wealth quintile to 12.6 among those in the highest quintile
• The Philippines institutionalized the National System for Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) through Republic Act No. 8980 (ECCD Act) for the full range of health, nutrition, early education, and social service programs that provide for the basic holistic needs of young children from birth to age 6. The programs, designed to promote children's growth and development
• Pursuant to the Kindergarten Education Act (Republic Act No. 10157) and the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic Act No. 10533), mandatory and compulsory kindergarten education that effectively promotes physical, social, cognitive, and emotional skill stimulation and formation of values is offered to all Filipino children age 5 to sufficiently prepare them for grade 1 (DOE 2016)
• Children age 5 enrolled in early childhood education, a category that includes kindergarten and nursery school, are expected to foster self-expression, acquire language, and start to engage in meaningful communication. These are skills in which children can exercise their coordination and motor skills under the supervision of and in interactions with other people
• Sixty-one percent of children age 5 are enrolled in an early childhood education program, and 19% attend primary school. However, 20% do not attend either an early childhood program or primary education
• In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 7610 (the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act of 1992) is one of the laws addressing child abuse concerns
• The 2022 NDHS Household Questionnaire included questions from the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) module on how children in the household are usually disciplined
• Thirty-six percent of children age 1–14 experienced only nonviolent discipline during the month prior to the interview, 48% experienced psychological aggression, 39% experienced physical punishment, and 3% experienced severe physical punishment. Overall, 59% of children age 1–14 experienced at least one form of violent discipline
• Twelve percent of household respondents believe that a child needs physical punishment to be raised or educated properly
• Characteristics of women age 15-49

  • Age: One in five respondents (20%) are age 15–19
  • Marital status: 55% of women are currently married or living together with a partner as if married
  • Residential mobility: A majority of women (55%) live in the place they were born
  • Education: More than three in five women (64%) have completed secondary education or higher
  • Exposure to media and use of the internet: Television is still the most popular form of mass media among women, with 6 in 10 women (60%) watching at least once a week. Eight in 10 women (82%) have used the internet in the last 12 months
  • Employment: Less than half of women (45%) were employed in the 12 months preceding the survey
  • Health insurance coverage: 70% of women age 15–49 have some type of PhilHealth coverage, and 44% have a forms of health insurance other than PhilHealth. Twenty-seven percent of women have no health insurance
  • Tobacco use: 5% of women use any type of tobacco product
  • Alcohol consumption: 18% of women reported consuming an alcoholic drink in the last month. Ninety-six percent of women who consumed alcohol did so 1–5 days during the preceding month, while only 1% consumed alcohol every day or almost every day. Among those who drank in the previous month, 54% consumed one drink only on days when alcohol was consumed
• One in five women (20%) are between age 15 and age 19. A majority (54%) of respondents reported their health status as good. Among the Tagalog is the predominant ethnic group (30% of the women interviewed), followed by Cebuano (22%). Seventy-seven percent of respondents are Roman Catholic, 10% are Protestant, and 7% are Muslim
• The median number of years of schooling among women age 15–49 increased steadily between 1993 (8.8 years) and 2017 (10.6 years) before falling in 2022 (9.9 years)
• Overall, 4% of women age 15–49 have some primary education, 5% have completed primary school but gone no further, 26% have some secondary education, 27% have completed secondary education and gone no further, and 37% have more than a secondary education. One percent of women have no formal education. The median number of years of schooling is 9.9 years
• Across regions, the percentage of women who have completed secondary school or higher is highest in NCR (77%), CALABARZON (72%), and Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) (71%). Women in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) (43%) and Zamboanga Peninsula (48%) are least likely to have completed secondary education or higher
• Women's exposure to all three types of media (newspaper, television, and radio) on a weekly basis declined from 37% in 2003 to 3% in 2022. Over the same period, the percentage of women who accessed none of the three types of media increased from 8% to 33%. As shown in Figure 3.2, exposure to each type of media declined between 2003 and 2022
• Occupation


  Categorized as professional/technical/managerial, clerical, sales and services, skilled manual, unskilled manual, agriculture, and other
• Since 1998, the percentage of women who are currently employed has been remarkably consistent, fluctuating between 45% and 48%
• The percentage of women without health insurance decreased from 38% in 2013 to 32% in 2017 and 27% in 2022
• The objective of the Universal Health Program of the Philippines is to provide Filipinos with 100% health insurance coverage. There are different types of health insurance available in the country, including PhilHealth, the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), the Social Security System (SSS), and private insurance. Anyone may have more than one form of coverage
• Overall, 4% of women age 15–49 smoke any type of tobacco; 4% smoke cigarettes and 2% smoke other forms of tobacco (Table 3.10). Use of any form of smokeless tobacco is also low (less than 1%) (Table 3.11)
• Eighteen percent of women age 15–49 consumed any alcohol in the last month. Ninety-six percent of women who consumed alcohol did so 1–5 days during the preceding month. Only 1% consumed alcohol every day or almost every day
• No major differences in alcohol consumption by residence were observed; 18% of urban women and 17% of rural women consumed alcohol in the last month. Among these women, 96% of those in urban areas and 95% of those in rural areas consumed alcohol 1–5 days during the last month (Table 3.13). Fifty-five percent of urban women and 53% of rural women consumed only one drink on days when they consumed alcohol
• By residence, 65% of women in rural areas reported that they have always lived in their current place of residence, as compared with 48% of women in urban areas. By region, 79% of women in Cagayan Valley have always lived in their current place of residence, compared with 28% of women in NCR (28%). The percentage of women who moved to their current place of residence within the last 5 years is highest in NCR (34%) and lowest in Cagayan Valley (8%)
• Eighteen percent of women age 15–49 consumed any alcohol in the last month
• Ninety-six percent of women who consumed alcohol did so 1–5 days during the preceding month
• Only 1% consumed alcohol every day or almost every day
• No major differences in alcohol consumption by residence were observed; 18% of urban women and 17% of rural women consumed alcohol in the last month