Module 6.1

• Secularization


  Shift towards giving more control of churches to local, non-religious (secular) priests rather than Spanish religious orders
• Filipinization


  The process of giving more control and representation to Filipinos in the church and society, reducing Spanish colonial influence
• Types of priests


  • Regular priests (belonging to religious orders like Jesuits, Augustinians, Dominicans)
  • Secular priests (not part of any order)
• Regular priests


  • Often called "prayle", seen as representatives of Spanish colonial power and wielded significant influence
• Emergence of Filipino secular priests

  1. 17th century - Filipinos allowed to become secular priests due to shortage caused by expulsion of Jesuits

  2. 1774 - Royal decree gave control of parishes to Filipino secular priests, but repealed in 1776 due to opposition from friars
• The struggle of Filipino priests for more representation reflected a broader movement towards Filipino empowerment and self-determination, laying the groundwork for later nationalist movements
• Propaganda Movement


  A peaceful campaign for reforms and greater representation of Filipinos, led by ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena
• The Propaganda Movement was influenced by the earlier struggle of Filipino priests for more control of the church
• Execution of GomBurZa


  Three Filipino priests (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) were convicted and executed during the "Reign of Terror" under Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
• The execution of GomBurZa was a significant event that contributed to the growth of Filipino nationalist consciousness
• Ilustrado class


  • Wealthy, educated Filipinos who were exposed to political ideas abroad and became leaders of the Propaganda Movement
• Socioeconomic developments in the 19th century

  Saw the rise of the ilustrado class
• The writings of the Propagandists, reflecting the actual conditions in the Philippines, fostered a sense of empathy and national identity among the people
• Jose P. Rizal (as Simoun, June 1888): 'I believe it is too late; the Filipinos have already lost the hopes they placed in Spain! Now we await our fate from God and ourselves but never again from any government!'
• Jose P. Rizal (as Padre Florentino, January 1889): 'We desire the happiness of the Philippines but we want to obtain it by noble and just means for reason is on our side and we should not therefore do anything evil. If, to make my country happy, I had to act vilely, I would refuse to do so because I am sure that what is built on sand will collapse sooner or later...'
• Rizal had basic disagreements with the methods used by Marcelo H. del Pilar, leading to a break in their relationship
• Rizal to F. Blumentritt, 9th October 1891: 'I am withdrawing to avoid a split: let others direct policy. They said that Rizal was a very difficult personality; very well, Rizal leaves the field.'
• Rizal was convinced that the struggle for reform could no longer be conducted effectively from overseas, leading him to return to the Philippines in 1892
• La Liga Filipina


  An organization established by Rizal in 1892 to promote mutual protection, support for reform movements, modernization, and the study and application of reforms, laying the foundation for nation-building
• Though not explicitly pushing for independence, the Liga aimed to establish the foundation from which a nation could be established
• Rizal was arrested four days after establishing La Liga Filipina, leading to the disintegration of the organization into moderate and radical factions
• Granted secular priests to have control over their parishes

  Royal Decree 1774
• One who reigned 1774 decree

  King Charles III
• Teacher of Jose Burgos

  leading advocate for the secularization of Filipino parishes, pushing for the appointment of native Filipino priests and the filipinization of the clergy within the Catholic Church hierarchy during the 19th century.

  Fr. Pedro Pelaez
• Spanish Orders 


  Jesuits, Agustinians, Dominicians
• Secular priests, who were not part of any order, started emerging.

  In the 17th century, Filipinos were allowed to become secular priests due to a shortage caused by the expulsion of Jesuits.
• A royal decree in 1774 gave control of parishes to Filipino secular priests, but it was repealed in 1776 because of opposition from the friars.
• Filipinization meant giving more control of churches to locals.

  Some secular priests, like Fr. Pedro Pelaez organized to regain control of their parishes.
• This shift in the church reflected broader changes in Filipino society towards asserting their own identity and autonomy.

  It represented a desire for self-governance and a break from Spanish colonial influence.

  The efforts of secular priests like Fr. Pedro Pelaez and later Jose Burgos were part of a larger movement for Filipino empowerment and self-determination.

  It laid the groundwork for later nationalist

  7）

  movements and the development of a distinct Filipino identity separate from Spanish rule.
• Cavite Mutiny

  • nag rebelde sa kanilang officers (against spanish arsenal)
  • The priests were convicted and sentenced to die by garrote vil
• The Cavite mutiny was one of several rebellions that occurred throughout the Philippines against Spanish rule in the late 19th century.