STAS

• Socrates - " the unexamined life is not worth living"
• Philosophy

  • love of wisdom
  • activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world, the relationship to the world and ti each other.
• Philosophy of technology - studies the character of technology and its relation to society
• Aristotelianism -

  • view technology as basically a means to an end
  • To Aristotle, technology is the organizing of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being poised by humans
  • technology is primarily concerned with the products
• Aristotle 4 causes

  • Material Cause (silver)
  • Formal cause (form/shape)
  • Final cause (purpose)
  • Efficient cause (agent: silver smith)
• Technological Optimism - strongly believes that technology will solve all problems and that the future will be better than the past.
• Technocratism- version of technological optimism which hold technology as the supreme authority on everything.
• Technological Pessimism - the idea that technology will lead to the end of the world and holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways but also doubtful in many ways.
• Jacques Ellul - French philosopher' 4 pessimistic arguments are

  • technological progress has a price
  • creates more problems
  • create damaging effects
  • create unpredictable devasting effects
• Existentialism - main concern is that existence or mode of being of someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity.
• Existentialism - investigates the meaning of existence or being and Heidegger supports this philosophy.
• Martin Heidegger - examined the two definition of technology : means to an end and a human activity.
• Technology according to Heidegger

  • it is instrumental and anthropological and simply means the end by which the human ends are realized
• Heidegger

  • Instrumental definition of technology encourages us to view technology from different period of time as nothing fundamental
• Heidegger explains that technology is geared towards a meeting a human needs
• Heidegger argues that technology is by no means technological and should not be seen as merely neutral.
• Instrumental definition of technology by Heidegger

  • it only invites man to a continual desire to master it which unconsciously may be making technology go out of hand
• 4 causes - responsible for bringing forth of the silver chalice
• Poesis - term of bringing forth and characterized by an external force
• Poiesis - bringing something concealed to unconcealment which makes technology a mode of revealing.
• Silver Chalice → by silver → by form → for its purpose → by silversmith.
• Physis - somethings that come without any external force
• Enframing - where the real essence of technology is found
• Enframing - non-stop revealing and continuous bringing forth into unconcealment that was concealed.

  • ancient windmill
  • peasant planting seeds only
  • wooden bridge that is built to join riverbanks
• Unlock and Expose - carries the idea that nature will not reveal itself unless challenge is set upon it.
• Enframing - gathering of the setting upon challenges to bring the concealed to uncolcealment
• Human Flourishing -

  • an endeavor to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of human beings
  • access to the present life, the engaged or good life and the meaningful life
• Self actualization -

  • the desire to achieve one's full potential and to become the best possible version of oneself
  • self fulfillment needs
• Esteem needs -

  • prestige and feeling of accomplishments
  • pyschological needs
• Belongingness and love needs -

  • intimate relation ships , friends
  • psychological needs
• Safety needs-

  • security, safety
  • basic needs
• Physiological needs

  • food, water, warmth, rest
  • basic nees
• Unexamined Life - the attainment of one's moral end necessities by knowing oneself (moral wisdom)
• Self-understanding - more than intellectual knowledge and comes from how one actually lives his or her life
• Moral wisdom - comes from the heart and is a result of experience and how one actually lives their life
• Moral virtue- practice of good
• What is the meaning of human being ?

  • fundamental question in philosophy and pursued by ancient Greek but later then neglected in western philosophy.
• Heidegger argued that asking for the meaning of the term "being" doesn't suggest that the "inquirer" has no idea about it.
• Being - associated with the concept of existence which means that the "inquirer" has the idea on the term "however vague or incomplete.
• Inquirer - refers to the "man" as "being" focuses to the "what" of human existence