Things that can prevent someone or a group of people from taking part in sport
Ethnic minorities can be defined as communities of people who live by a different set of cultural values and traditions compared to the general population of a given country
Retired people / people over 50 are older adults who typically will not be working any more and may receive their pension, or potentially be working on a part-time basis
Women's role may be to stay at home to bring up children and look after the home
Preventing time from being available to exercise and take part in sport
Older siblings may be required and expected to look after younger siblings on behalf of the parents
Preventing the time from being available for the older siblings to take part in sport
Ethnic minorities are more likely to earn less money than those who are white British
Affecting how much disposable income is available, with those earning less being less likely to take part in sport
Religious restrictions can impact on participation rates in sport
The day itself as well as preparation days for the event
The lack of female role models from ethnic minorities portrayed in the media
Has a negative impact on participation, which could make women feel that they should not be out participating in exercise and sport
Restrictions may exist for ethnic minorities who are not permitted to be around males
They can only attend female-only sessions, such as female-only swims. Such sessions may be less available than mixed sessions
Older individuals may have more commitments, such as looking after grandchildren
Restricting participation time
Older people may not have enough money to pay membership or sports fees
Especially if they have little pension
There may not be venues or facilities that provide suitable activities for older people
E.g. some places may not offer walking football
Most role models are young
Which can have a negative impact on elderly participation, as they may feel that older people should not be taking part in activities and sport, as sport is only for young people
Older people may be less inclined to drive
Therefore, it may be essential that easy transport links are available to go to and from facilities. If not, this limits accessibility
Families of older people may be worried about their safety in playing sport
For fear of injury or falls, so may not encourage participation
Not all facilities offer a crèche or other form of childminding service
Therefore, parents are reliant on family or friends looking after their children if they want to take part in sport
Not all sports cater for young children
Some teams may state a minimum age that children have to be before joining the team. This restricts participation in sport for some younger children
Disposable income may be limited for families with children
Due to other commitments and payments that are required. This limits the amount of money that is available for sport and physical activities
Not all facilities offer a crèche or other form of childminding service
Therefore, single parents are reliant on family or friends looking after their child/children if they want to take part in sport
Single parents will have less disposable income than families with two parents
Thereby restricting money available for taking part in sport and physical activity
There is a lack of female role models who are athletes as well as parents
Therefore, some single mothers may fear they will be judged for spending time taking part in sport once they become a parent
Single parents who have active children are expected to transport their child/children to and from training sessions or fixtures
Therefore, if a parent has limited transport or little money for transport, this can restrict the child's ability to take part in sport and activities
Children and teenagers do not have a salary
Therefore, they will not have the money for sport. They will have to rely on parents paying for training and memberships
Some older siblings may be required to look after younger siblings
Thereby preventing the older sibling from leaving and taking part in sport
Children and young people may be dependent on the provision and accessibility of sport and equipment at their school
Therefore, if the school does not offer sport, they may not take part elsewhere
Children and teenagers who are not old enough or can't drive
Are reliant on family or friends for transportation, or local services. They cannot attend without transport
Some facilities do not have the provisions required for disabled individuals
E.g. wheelchair basketball and tennis with a specialist coach and equipment
Those who identify as disabled are less likely to earn as much money as those who are able-bodied
Thereby reducing the amount of disposable income available for sport
Some people may not know what is available due to a lack of awareness
E.g. disabled people may not know there is a local wheelchair tennis team for them to join if they wanted to
Some facilities do not have the accessibility required for disabled individuals
E.g. wheelchair ramps to access the facility
Working full time means any spare time may be used to get 'other' tasks done
Such as housework or cooking, reducing time available for taking part in physical activity
Working full time can be tiring
Which can hinder a person's desire to find the energy and motivation to take part in sport and exercise
Some full-time work may require lots of travelling
I.e. to different locations, thereby decreasing time available for exercise and sport, especially if they have to drive home at the end of the day
Working full time with unsociable hours
I.e. those who work night shifts, may have less provision for sport, as activity times may be during hours when they are sleeping
Those with a smaller disposable income are less likely to pay for membership fees
Compared to those who have a larger disposable income
Those with a smaller disposable income are less likely to pay for exercise equipment or clothing
Compared to those who have a larger disposable income
Evidence suggests those earning least are more likely to adopt unhealthy lifestyle behaviours
Such as unhealthy eating, smoking and drinking; therefore, they may not have the desire or interest for sport nor the money to cover the costs associated with sport, such as equipment, clothing or shoes
Poor area conditions in disadvantaged areas have shown to negatively impact on sport uptake
I.e. lack of or poor-quality facilities
Disposable income
The money available to people after they have paid bills and other financial commitments
Unemployed / economically disadvantaged person
May not be able to participate in sport and physical activity