Implications of digital technologies

• Data protection 


  There are laws eithin countries that enire that DATA STORED ABOUT INDIVIDUALS IS PROTECTED
• DATA PROTECTION ACT ensure that:

  • The organisation has CONSENT FROM THE INDVIDUAL TO COLLECT USE OR DISCLOSE PEROSNAL DATA
  • use the data obtained in an APPRORPIATE MANNER for the crcumstances AND MUST HAVE INFORMED THE INDVIDUAL OF THE PURPOSE OF THE DATA OBTAINED
• Recall the data protection principles

  • Used lawfully and legally
  • Used for the specfically stated purposes and are limited to that
  • Used in a way that is adequate + RELEVANT and is not excessive
  • Accurate
  • Safe and secure Data is not stored for longer than necessesary
  • Data protection rights are Considered
  • (not transferred out of the EEA are without adequate protection)
• Companies and organisations data protection

  • Some countries have international agreements
  • Data can be transferred between countries in the knowledge that they will recieve adequate protection
• Copyright legislation

  Copright : it is the legal power that provides creators of origional work with the SOLE AUTHORITY TO DISTRUBUTE, SHARE IT OR USE IT
• Examples of copyright legislations

  Countries have agrements to stop publishers from stealing work from one country and publish it in another country- this is an example of an international copyrights agreement

  International copyright and patents acts are important for increasing numbers of organisations and businesses that are becoming international due to the INTERNET
• What is meant by legislations 


  a law or set of laws
• RIGHTS of indivduuals which there data is used under the DATA protection act

  • Access a copy of the information comprised of ther personal data
  • OBJECTO TO data that is likely to cause DISTRESS/DAMAGE to the indivdual
  • Prevent processing for DIRECT marketing **
  • Object to decisions that are taken by automated means
  • Inaccurate data can be RECTIFIED/BLOCKED or erased
  • Claim COMPENSATION for damages caused by a BREACH in the data protection act
• How are users oprgioa lwor ktha is downaloeded protected

  By copyright as this mean they have the legal authority to grant permission for other people to use or share their origional work to others
• How are users oprgioa lwor ktha is downaloeded protected

  By copyright as this mean they have the legal authority to grant permission for other people to use or share their origional work to others
• Examples of origional work that can be downloaded online
• How can copyright onwners control and benefit from how they distribute their works under LICENSCES

  1. Licscense which users who want to use the copyrights owners orgional work need to be pay to be able to access the resource
  2. Unpayed
• Exemption from copyright applied in some situations

  • This means that in soke countries copyright laws and legislation may not apply to the them
  • E.g in thw UK this is called fair use
• Examples fo fair use which exempts from following copyright laws

  • Copies of books or docusments made by libraries for educational establishments
  • recording of broadcasts for archive purposes
  • Uses for the benefit of others with a disability
  • for non commercial research or private studies
  • When used in parody ( imitations of others as a way to display humor
• Inidviduals movements online can be monitored in different ways :

  • CCTV
  • ANPR - cameras used by law enforcement agencies e.g the police
  • Monitoring use of bank cards ,identification cards / travel cards / passports at borders and back card transactions
  • Identifying devices on a network ( ip ADDRESS / MAC address)
  • Using GPS data shared by apps ( finder apps etc)
  • GPS trackers that cna be attached to items/ clothings
• Benefits of monitroign indivduals movements

  • Find people who are lost especially young people/missing people and can support finding leads for possible crimes/ offenses
  • Locate nearby friends in order to arrange to meet socially
  • Idnetifying people on networks
• Drawbacks of monitoring individuals movements online

  • Compromising peoples privacy
  • Expenses of setting up, maintaing and monitoring systems (cost implications)
  • Energy cosumptions of the systems and the effect on the environment
  • Making people feel that they are not trusted. Ethical issues
• Monitoring communications online

  • exmaple: parent cna use paten control softwareto monitor their chidlrne activites and use of applications
• Examples of communcations that can be monitored and recorded:
• Sustainability issues

  Use of ICT can NEGATIVELY AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT

  • It can use up nuatual eesources
  • Controbutes to long temrharm to the ecology of the planet ( energy consumption due to digtial devices/ disposal of electronic packets etc / materials used to package the devices and the hardware
• Cause of sustainablity issue: Power requirements of digital devices

  • Sustainaiblity:
• Health and safety issues whrn using digital technologies:

  • Eye dryness
  • RSI - Repetitive strain injury
  • Back and neck ache
  • Trip hazards
  • Electric shocks
  • Fire
  • Injuries/ death
• Explain the cause of eye strian and eye fatigue

  • Looking at a screen for long periods of time can cause dry, sore eyes
  • Human eyes are sensitive to short wavelengths
  • These Lights emitted by LEDS used in digital devices
• How to minimise risk of eye dryness/ fatigue when using devices

  • Take breaks and look away from the screen
  • Make sure the screen is not too close
  • Ue a large enough screen
  • Blue light filters
  • Screens which do not flicker
• Expain the risk of repetitive strain injury ( RSI) 


  This is characterised by pain casued by compressing the nerve in the wrist

  Caused by:

  Using the devices incorrectly

  Poor posture
• Hoe to minimise the risk of RSI - repetive strain injury

  • Use ergonomically designed devices
  • Use ergonomic supports such as wrist pads
• Cause and minimising of Trip hazards

  Cause: trailing wires

  How to minimise: Good cable managment

  Study and secure cables in trunking