MAPEH

• Art song - written by a professional composer and performed by a trained singer
• Characteristics of art songs

  • short piece for solo voice

  • the verse are well written and through composed Or strophic

  • often accompanied by piano using virtuoso techniques

  •it has high artistic and literary quality

  • end in postlude
• A group of art song that is connected by a musical idea is called song cycle
• German art song is known as lied or lieder(plural)
• Franz Peter Schubert

  -the master of art song

  ( Wrote more than 200 songs)

  -called as father of the german lied

  -Had fuitful career as composer

  -his instrumental works are romantic and has rich in harmony and melody

  -he wrote 600 musical piece

  Examples: serenade ave maria unfinished symphony and der elkonig
• Opera - performance presented on stage that involves the use of music, costume and scenery with aim of narrating a story
• Recitative - imitating the pattern and rhythm of speech
• Aria - when the characters expresses feelings through a flowing melody
• Bel canto - Italian term for beautiful singing
• Castrato - young boys were castrated before they reach puberty
• the opera fostered different national styles in three of Europe's leading countries-France, Germany, and Italy
• Opera styles

  • Comic Opera
  • Serious Opera
• Comic Opera


  This type of opera revolves around not so delicate issues, it is also being referred to as light opera. It often has a happy ending too.
• Serious Opera


  This type of opera, with the Italian translation: opera seria, often presents myths and stories about heroes.
• Opera Semiseria


  A type of opera that presents a serious story where there is a happy resolution in the end. Some think it is the result of combining comic and serious opera.
• Opera Cornique


  An opera of French origin where performers speak their lines instead of singing. Its earlier form had a satirical nature but it has tackled serious subject matters over time.
• Grand Opera


  A type of large-scale opera which traces its origin back to the 19th century in Paris. It involves the use of ballet, remarkable choruses, and colorful costumes.
• Opera Verismo


  Verismo is an Italian word that means realism. This type of opera often has a melodramatic storyline. It was developed during the later part of the 19th century with realistic characters based on common people.
• Orchestra


  • A circular, level space where the chorus would dance, sing, and interact with the actors who were on the stage near the skene. In the center was a thymele, or altar.
• Theatron


  • The place where the spectators sat
• Skene


  • The building directly behind the stage usually decorated as a palace, a temple, or another building, depending on the needs of the play. It had at least one set of doors where actors could make entrances and exits. There was also access to the roof of the skene from behind.
• Parodos


  • The paths by which the chorus and some actors made their entrances and exits. The audience also used them to enter and exit the theater.
• Renaissance Theater


  • The stage was an open area as large as 13 square meters. The rear half was roofed over, with several doors located in the back wall. Over these doors was a gallery reserved for some audience members, or it may also act as part of the acting area. On the open space above the stage was usually a trapdoor and a windlass was used to lower actors or chariots that are supposed to come down from heaven.
• The first permanent theater building was called The Theatre. It was built in London in 1576 and ushered English Renaissance drama.
• William Shakespeare


  • The most famous dramatist of the Renaissance. He was a proficient writer of tragedies, comedies, and chronicle plays. He created a perfect verse form and used a language of ordinary speech that provides his characters and situations special dignity. He also achieved characterization with an unrivaled subtlety. Moreover, he was able to unify plot, characters, imagery, and verse movement impressively.
• There were no female actors in Shakespeare's time and boys played the female roles, mainly wearing ordinary clothes and using a few props to accent their parts.
• Melodrama


  A play or film in which the plot is often sensational and the characters display exaggerated emotions.
• Opera


  An art form wherein singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, in a theatrical setting.
• Georges Bizet


  • A famous French composer known for his operas, most notably Carmen, which is the most frequently performed.
• Carmen is based on a novella of the same title written in 1846 by the French writer, Prosper Mérimée. It is written in the genre of opera comique with musical numbers separated by dialogue. Its music is acclaimed for its brilliant melody, harmony, atmosphere, orchestration, and also for the skill for which the composer represented the different emotions and sufferings of his characters.