RIZAL MIDTERMS

• Rizal decided to return to the Philippines


  August 1886
• Rizal's journey to the Philippines

  1. Left Rome by train for Marseilles

  2. Boarded the Djemnah bound to Saigon

  3. Arrived in Saigon, transferred to the steamer Haifong

  4. Arrived in Manila

  5. Reached Calamba
• Rizal noticed that Manila has not changed that much
• Rizal's medical clinic


  • Rizal turned the ground floor of their house into a medical clinic
  • His first patient was his mother who could hardly see
  • He successfully restored the eyesight of his mother which had double cataracts
• The good news of Rizal's medical skills spread like wildfire as many sick people flocked to seek medical help
• Rizal's professional fee


  • If the patient is poor, a simple "thank you" is enough
  • If the patient is rich, he would charge in the European way
• The people called Rizal "Dr. Uleman" having arrived from Germany
• Rizal's actions in Calamba

  • He built a gymnasium for the youth to discourage them from engaging in different forms of gambling
  • He wanted them to spend time on productive activities
• Rizal failed to see Leonor in his six months' vacation due to the conflicts of his parents and Leonor's
• Summons


  A writ commanding the sheriff, or other authorized officer, to notify a party to appear in court to answer a complaint made against him
• Rizal went to Malacañang to answer any question surrounding his novel Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal denied that he was a spy from Germany
• Rizal explained that he was only expressing the truth of what is going on in the society in his novel
• The Governor was satisfied with Rizal's answer and asked for a copy of the novel, since he had not read the novel himself
• Rizal's enemies kept doing everything to persecute him
• They accused the novel to have subversive ideas against the church and the Spanish government
• Bodyguard


  The kind Governor assigned a young Spanish Lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as Rizal's bodyguard to protect him from danger
• Rizal's enemies from the Church

  • Manila Archbishop Msgr. Pedro Payo
  • UST Rector Fr. Gregorio Echevarria
  • Fr. Salvador Font- head of the Permanent Commission on Censorship
• Fr. Jose Rodriguez published an anti-Noli pamphlet entitled "Caiingat Cayo" stating that "whoever reads the novel commits a mortal sin"
• Vicente Barrantes, a Spanish writer, openly criticized the novel Noli Me Tangere in the Spanish newspaper La Esperanza Moderna
• Allies of Dr. Jose Rizal

  • Marcelo H. Del Pilar (pen name Dolores Manapat)
  • Fr. Francisco Sanchez, Rizal's beloved Ateneo teacher
• General Weyler began enforcing the will of the Dominicans by sending artillery and military forces to Calamba which started to demolish the house of Rizal's parents


  6 September 1890
• Rizal's brother and brothers in law were arrested and exiled to different places of the archipelago
• On the first day 60 families were thrown out of their houses and the sugar mills and all other buildings they had erected were destroyed
• The Dominicans forbade the rest of the townspeople to give the unfortunates lodging and hospitality
• By the end of September 400 tenants had been evicted
• The liberal governor-general Terrerro was replaced by the conservative general Valeriano Weyler in 1888, who was completely on the side of the Dominicans
• One of Weyler's first acts was to enforce the court ruling for the eviction of the tenants, starting with the Rizal family
• The Dominicans put pressure on Malacañang to eliminate Rizal
• Governor-general Terrero advised Rizal to leave the Philippines for his own good
• The Dominicans were furious because they were attacked on their most sensitive point: money
• The report on the Dominican's corruption and financial deceit never reached the desk of the governor-general
• The Dominicans responded by filing an action for eviction against the Calamba tenants, which the Supreme Court in Manila immediately decided in the Dominican's favor
• Rizal advised his family to stop paying the rent, and the rest of the Calamba tenants followed suit and petitioned the government to intervene
• The original hacienda owned by the Jesuits consisted of only a small part of land and included only a part of the town, but the Dominicans had claimed a much more extensive area, no less than the whole town and its surrounding fields
• The Dominicans were paying the government only the income tax due on the original smaller hacienda
• Rizal wrote down his findings, which were signed by the tenants in January 1888, and he submitted the report to the government
• The friars wanted to withhold the tenants from telling the truth
• The Rizal family as well as the other Calamba tenants wanted to tell the truth
• The tenants asked Rizal to draft a report for the town council