Science 1

• Absolute Location


  Location can be determined by the use of latitude and longitude indicated on a map or a globe
• Relative Location


  Describes a fixed position of a certain place by its landmarks and is often can be changed over time
• Map


  • A two-dimensional graphical representation of an area, land or sea, depicting physical features
• Globe


  • A three-dimensional spherical model of the Earth that represents its structure
• Latitude


  Imaginary lines that run from east to west and indicate the north-south position of the Earth for a total of 180o (degrees) of latitude which is measured to find the distance of a place on the map or a globe
• Equator


  The reference line or the starting line of measurement of latitude, found at the middle of the globe horizontally at 0o latitude, dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres
• Latitude zones


  • Tropic of Cancer (23.2°N)
  • Arctic Circle (66.5°N)
  • Equator (0°)
  • Tropic of Capricorn (66.5°S)
  • Antarctic Circle (23.5°S)
• Longitude


  Vertical imaginary lines which run from North to South and mark the position of East-West point crossing the equator at right angles
• Prime Meridian


  The reference line of longitude (0 degree) which divides the world into Western and Eastern Hemispheres
• Every 15 degree of longitude corresponds to 1 hour difference between places
• Importance of latitude and longitude

  • Geology
  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Research
  • Astronomy
• Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)


  A reference framework used to define the location of features on the surface of the Earth with the longitude and latitude of a place
• How to find the location of a place through GCS

  1. Identify the latitude and longitude of the place

  2. Find the intersection of the two coordinates

  3. Identify the direction or the hemisphere of a place

  4. Write the degrees of latitude and its hemisphere and the degrees of longitude with respect to its hemisphere
• The Philippines is located at 13°N, 122°E
• Relative location of the Philippines

  • Island country of Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean
  • Divided into three major islands: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao
  • Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, with many volcanoes and mountains
• Bodies of water surrounding the Philippines


  • Luzon Strait (North)
  • Philippine Sea and Pacific Ocean (East)
  • South China Sea (West)
  • Celebes Sea (South)
  • Sulu Sea (Southwest)
• Landmasses surrounding the Philippines

  • Japan, Taiwan, and China (North)
  • Vietnam (West)
  • Malaysia and Indonesia (South)
• Understanding the geographical context of neighbouring regions provides insight into historical migrations, cultural exchanges, and shared heritage, fostering cultural understanding and appreciation
• Earth's Natural Resources


  Renewable and Non-renewable Resources
• Earth is the third planet in the solar system
• 70.8% of Earth crust is contained with water and 29.2% of land
• Earth is made up of different natural resources
• Earth is composed of 2 resources

  • Natural Resources
  • Man-made Resources
• Natural Resources


  Resources that comes from nature and are vital for all life forms
• Different Natural Resources


  • Water
  • Soil
  • Rocks and Minerals
  • Fossil Fuels
  • Energy Resources
• Water Resources


  Available sources of water on Earth that can be used for various purposes, including drinking, irrigation, industrial processes, and ecosystem support
• Soil Resources


  Also known as land resources, soil is a fundamental component of ecosystems and plays a crucial role in supporting plant growth, sustaining biodiversity, regulating water and nutrient cycles, and providing habitats for various organisms
• Rocks and Minerals


  Rocks are composed of minerals, which are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. Mineral resources are deposits of these minerals that can be extracted and used for various purposes
• Fossil Fuels


  Energy sources formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
• Three Types of Fossil Fuel

  • Coal
  • Oil (Petroleum)
  • Natural Gas
• Three types of fossil fuel

  • Coal
  • Oil (Petroleum)
  • Natural Gas
• Energy Resources


  • Solar Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Hydroelectric Power
  • Geothermal Energy
• Solar Energy


  Derived from sunlight and can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) panels or concentrated solar power (CSP) systems
• Wind Energy


  Generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of moving air using wind turbines
• Hydroelectric Power


  Generated by capturing the energy of flowing water, typically by damming rivers to create reservoirs
• Geothermal Energy


  Heat stored beneath the Earth's surface
• Latitude

  The distance of a location from the equator, measured in degrees north or south
• Latitude

  • The higher the value of degree of latitude, the closer it is to the North and South Pole
  • It helps in determining a location's position in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere
• Notable latitudes or 5 major parallel lines

  • Arctic Circle – 66.5 degrees N
  • Tropic of Cancer – 23.5 degrees N
  • Equator – 0 degrees
  • Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5 degrees S
  • Antarctic Circle – 66.5 degrees S
• Locations closer to the equator

  Tend to have warmer climates