Matter

• Matter


  The name given to all substances. To be called this, something must have mass and volume.
• Mass


  Measured in kg and is the amount of matter something has.
• Volume


  How much space the substance takes up and is normally measured in litres.
• Solids


  Have a fixed shape that cannot be easily changed, and cannot be easily compressed.
• Liquids


  Changes shape to fill its container, has a fixed volume and is difficult to compress.
• Label which containers contain solids, liquids or gasses.

  A) Gas

  B) Liquid

  C) Solid

  
• Fluid


  A substance that can flow, be it a liquid or gas
• Weight and mass are commonly confused. Mass is how heavy a substance is, however weight is mass multiplied by gravity, thus is measured in newtons. Scales factor out gravity, therefore when you use a scale you are actually measuring your mass, not your weight.
• Viscosity


  How quickly a liquid flows. If it is high it will flow slowly, while if it is low the liquids will flow freely.
• Water is the only substance on Earth that exists in three different states at normal temperatures.
• Deposition


  Very rare change of state of matter, where a gas turns straight to a solid, skipping the liquid phase.
• Sublimation


  Very rare change of state of matter, where a solid turns straight to a gas, skipping the liquid phase.
• The melting point and freezing point of water is 0 degrees celcuis.
• The boiling point and condensing point of water is 100 degrees.
• Particle Model


  All substances are made from particles, particles are attracted to other particles, particles are always moving and the hotter the substance is the more particles move.
• Movement of Particles in Solids


  The particles are very close together and cannot be compressed. The attraction between particles is very strong, and the particles don't move freely. Instead, they vibrate in place. Solids generally have a fixed shape and volume.
• Movement of Particles in Liquids.


  Liquids have weaker particle attraction and have more kinetic energy than solids, allowing them to roll over each other but not escape. They can conform to the shape of the container they are in, and have a fixed volume. They cannot be compressed
• Movement of Particles in Gases


  The particles have much more energy than solids or liquids, meaning they almost completely overcome the force of attraction. They always spread out to take up all the space they have, thus can be compressed and have no fixed shape or volume. They are also constantly moving.
• Gasses


  Spreads out and will not stay in a container unless it has a lid, thus diffuses into all of the available space. It has no fixed shape and can be compressed with little difficulty.
• Mass


  How much matter is in a substance.