3rd Science Test 2024

• Neutralization

  Base + Acid = Salt + Water
• Metal + Water = Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
• Metal + Oxygen = Metal Oxide
• Arteries : Take blood away
• Capillaries : Сarry blood to organ site of gas exchange, lie in "beds"
• Platelets

  Help wound healing by clotting
• The Heart

  Pumps at high pressure
• Plasma

  Liquid part of blood, mainly water that carries nutrients, hormones, antibodies
• White Blood Cells

  Fight Disease
• Double Circulatory System

  Heart - Lungs - Heart - Rest of Body
• Starchy Foods

  Contain starches, made of long chains of sugar molecules broken down by carbohydrase
• Proteins

  Different types of molecules called amino acids (20 types), broken down by protease
• Lipids [Fats]

  Contains fatty acids + glycerol, in chains of carbon and hydrogen, broken down by lipease
• Enzymes

  Break large insoluble food into soluble pieces
• Mouth

  Chemically breaks down carbs (produces carbohydrase), mechanically digests
• Oesophagus

  Carries food to stomach
• Stomach

  Muscular walls contract for churning, produces protease
• Liver

  Makes bile
• Gall Bladder

  Stores excess bile to emulsify fat
• Pancreas

  Produce digestive enzymes
• Small Intestines

  Soluble products of digestion absorbed through walls
• Large Intestines

  Water absorbed into blood
• Rectum/Anus

  Recieves stool from large intestines
• Chemical Reactions

  -Most are not reversible

  -All transfer energy to/from surroundings

  -Same number of atoms before and after
• Signs of Chemical Reactions

  -Sparks/flames

  -Sweet/foul smell

  -Hotter/colder

  -Loud/quiet sizzling

  -A bang

  -Bubbling
• The pH Scale

  -Alkiline >7

  -Acids <7

  -Neutrals 7
• Aqueous Solutions

  Solution that has water as a solvent
• Acids and Bases

  -Bases react with Acids

  -Alkili soluble in water
• Acid Names

  -Nitric Acid (Nitrate)

  -Sulfuric Acid (Sulfate)

  -Hydrochloric Acid (Chloride)
• Carbon + Acid = a Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
• Test for hydrogen


  Place burning splint near mouth of test tube, hear a squeaky pop
• Test for oxygen


  Glowing splint in test tube, will relight
• Law of Conservation of Mass

  Mass of reactants = mass of products
• Balanced Diet


  Contains enough nutrients to allow us to grow, meet our energy needs, and make new cells and tissues
• Mechanical & Chemical Digestion

  -Chemical is the breakdown of food using chemicals and enzymes

  -Mechanical breakdown using chewing and churning
• Respiration


  The process by which cells in our body convert nutrients into energy
• Respiratory system


  The system responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide
• Digestive system


  The system responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body
• Circulatory system


  The system responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances around the body
• Parts of the circulatory system


  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood