N5 Geography

• Glacial erosional processes

  1. Plucking

  2. Abrasion

  3. Frost shattering
• Plucking

  Loose rock becomes stuck to the ice as melt water created due to friction refreezes. As the glacial advances this rock is pulled free.
• Abrasion


  Rocks stuck to the bottom of the glacier scour the rock as the glacier advances.
• Glacial landforms

  • Corrie
  • Arete/Pyramidal Peak
  • U-Shaped Valley & Truncated Spur
• Reasons farmers complain about tourists

  • Tourists drop litter which the animals eat and choke
  • Tourists leave gates open allowing the animals to escape
  • Tourists walking dogs can scare sheep and cause them to have miscarriages
  • Tourists can damage fences and walls by climbing on them
  • Tourists wander off footpaths widening the path and destroying the farmers fields
  • Parked cars on narrow country roads can restrict the movement of large farm vehicles
• Solutions/Management Strategies for farmers

  • Farmers display 'keep the gate closed' signs
  • Farmers put hinges on their gates so they automatically close
  • Park Rangers teach tourists how to be responsible in the countryside
  • National Trust restores footpaths
  • Farmers can restrict access to tourists during lambing season
• Central Business District (CBD)

  • High Density Buildings
  • Often Grid Iron Street patterns (but not always)
  • Museums
  • Concentration of churches
  • Town Hall
  • University
  • Tourist Information Centre
  • All main roads lead to the CBD in a 'spider' pattern
• Changes in the CBD

  • Indoor shopping malls
  • Designer Shops like Cruise
  • Attractive Environment
  • New Bars & Restaurants
  • Attractions
  • Pedestrianisation
  • Multi-storey car parks
• Indoor shopping malls do what for CBD

  Encourage shoppers back into the CBD. They are not affected by the weather and are easily accessible to more shoppers.
• Designer Shops do what for cbd

  Specialised high order shopping areas have been opened such as Princes Square where expensive designer boutiques have opened. This allows shoppers an exclusive experience.
• Attractive Environment does what for cbd

  More glass fronted shops and good lighting to allow shoppers to see inside shops which will attract them in to spend more money. More greenery because it will make the harsh stone landscape look more attractive with green areas like George Square.
• New Bars & Restaurants

  Old buildings such as the Candleriggs fruit market are no longer needed and have been regenerated into hotels and bars to make use of the land.
• Attractions

  More attractions e.g. outdoor ice-rink during the festive season, street musicians and public buildings lit up. These attract more people into the CBD increasing the number of customers.
• Pedestrianisation

  Many areas like Buchanan Street have become pedestrianised to make it safer for shoppers. The pedestrianised streets have reduced the number of cars, therefore reducing pollution.
• Multi-storey car parks


  A large amount of parking on a small amount of land.
• Inner City


  • Grid Iron
  • Old churches
  • Old transport routes like railways that were used for industry in the past
  • On the edge of the CBD
  • High density
• Suburbs

  • Green space or woodland
  • Open Space
  • Modern Street Pattern: cul-de-sacs
  • On the outer edge of the city
  • Schools nearby
  • Main roads nearby for commuters
  • Low density
• Traffic Solutions


  • One Way Streets
  • Pedestrian Streets
  • Bus Lanes
  • Multi-storey car parks
  • Park & Ride
  • LEZ (Low Emission Zone)
• One Way Streets


  Traffic is only allowed to move in one direction to allow vehicles to go faster.
• Pedestrian Streets


  No cars are allowed so it improves safety for shoppers.
• Bus Lanes


  Allows public transport to move more quickly and free wifi encourage commuters to use them.
• Park & Ride


  People can park at a train or subway station and travel into the city.
• LEZ (Low Emission Zone)


  Introduced in June 2023 to reduce congestion and pollution in line with climate change targets.
• Redevelopment of Queen St Station

  Electric trains.
• Problems of Shanty Towns

  • Poor Quality Housing
  • Lack of Amenities
  • Overcrowding
  • Disease
  • No good jobs
  • Gangs
• Solutions/Improvements to Shanty Towns

  • Self-help schemes where materials such as bricks are provided to residents to enable them to improve their own homes
  • Prefabricated housing has been built by the government with all of the basic facilities such as individual toilets, electricity and hot running water
  • Legal rights to the land have been granted to residents by the government
  • Health Centres have been built to provide health care and reduce disease
  • Electricity now provided to most homes
  • Water supplies now provided in most slums clean piped water has been provided to reduce the spread of disease
  • Improved toilets and better sewage disposal reducing disease
  • New towns have been built to relocate some of the residents out of the city
  • Schools have been built, for communities, to provide educational opportunities for young people
• Changes in Farming - East Anglia, UK


  • 
    
• Changes in Farming - Kerala, India

  • Farm machinery has increased since the 1950s including ploughs, tractors and combine harvesters making farming more efficient
  • Modern farming equipment has increased crop yields as work is done faster and large areas can be covered
  • Crops are harvested faster and so are delivered to market fresher
  • Fewer workers are needed therefore the farmer has less money to pay out in wages but this can lead to less employment opportunities
• Sanitation


  Improved toilets and better sewage disposal reducing disease
• New towns


  Navi Mumbai built to relocate some of the residents out of the city