BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK

• DISASTER


  A sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation.
• RING OF FIRE


  A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
• CALAMITY


  An event causing great and often sudden damage or distress.
• VOLCANIC ERUPTION


  When lava and gas are discharge

  from a volcanic vent.
• EARTHQUAKE


  Shaking of Earth caused by waves

  moving on and below the Earth’s

  surface.
• TYPHOON


  Type of tropical cyclone, also known

  as severe tropical storm
• NATURAL DISASTER


  A natural event such as flood, earthquake or hurricanes that causes great damage or loss of life.
• MANMADE DISASTER


  Disasters caused by human in which

  major origin is intentional or non-

  intentional.
• A disaster is a serious disruption of the

  functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, exceeding the ability of the community to cope using own resources.
• A disaster risk is the probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions
• HAZARD


  Phenomenon or situation, which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people, their property, their services and their environment.
• VULNERABILITY


  Is a condition determined by physical, economic, social and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
• CAPACITY


  The opposite of vulnerability. It is the combination of a community's strengths, characteristics and resources that can be utilized to achieve certain goals.
• Risk is the combination of probability of an event and its negative consequences.
• Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability / Capacity
• Types of Disaster:

  1.) Natural Disaster

  2.) Environmental Disaster

  3.) Human-Induced Disaster
• There is a geophysical group in natural disaster.
• The Sub-groups of natural disaster are: Geophysical, Hydrological, Meteorological, Climatological, Biological, and Extraterrestrial. (GBCHEM)
• Risk factor is several factors that make it more likely that someone will have more severe or longer-lasting stress reactions after disasters.
• Risk Factors

  1.) Severity of Exposure

  2.) Gender and Family

  3.) Age
• SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE


  • The highest risks are those that have gone through the disaster themselves.

  • Close contact with victims.

  • Injury and life threat are the factors that lead most often to mental health problems.
• GENDER AND FAMILY


  • Women or girls suffer from more negative effects than men or boys

  • Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present in the home.

  • Having a family member at home, who is extremely distresses, is related to more stress to everyone.

  • Conflicts between family members or lack of support at home make it harder to recover from disasters.
• AGE


  • Children show more severe distress after disasters rather than the adults.

  • Higher stress in the parents is related to worse recovery of children.
• Effects of Disaster Types:

  1.) Primary

  2.) Secondary

  3.) Tertiary
• Effects of Disaster Groups:

  1.) People

  2.) Homes

  3.) Infrastructure

  4.) Economy
• The sub-group of environmental disaster is Environmental Degradation. And some examples are Erosion, deforestation, salinization, sea level rise, desertification, wetland loss/degradation, and glacier retreat/melting
• The two sub-groups of human-induced disaster are: Technological (Industrial hazard, structural collapse, fire, air pollution) and Societal (Armed conflict, civil unrest, financial crisis, terrorism)